理解并测试什么是Android事件分发

一、什么是事件分发

所谓事件分发,就是将一次完整的点击所包含的点击事件传递到某个具体的View或ViewGroup,让该View或该ViewGroup处理它(消费它)。分发是从上往下(父到子)依次传递的,其中可能经过的对象有最上层Activity,中间层ViewGroup,最下层View。

二、Activity的层次结构

源码查找:
1.自己的Activity的setContentView()方法

 @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_event_distribution);
    }

2.跳转到Activity.java的setContentView()方法,可以看到,调用了getWindow()的方法

  public void setContentView(@LayoutRes int layoutResID) {
        getWindow().setContentView(layoutResID);
        initWindowDecorActionBar();
    }

3.Activity.java的mWindow来自PhoneWindow

 mWindow = new PhoneWindow(this, window, activityConfigCallback);

4.PhoneWindow.java-->setContentView()--> installDecor(),在PhoneWindow中调用了installDecor()方法

  @Override
    public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {
        // Note: FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS may be set in the process of installing the window
        // decor, when theme attributes and the like are crystalized. Do not check the feature
        // before this happens.
        if (mContentParent == null) {
            installDecor(); //继续执行
        } else if (!hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
            mContentParent.removeAllViews();
        }
..................

5.PhoneWindow.java-->setContentView()--> installDecor()--> generateLayout(mDecor),在 installDecor()中又继续执行了generateLayout(mDecor)方法。

 mContentParent = generateLayout(mDecor);

6.PhoneWindow.java-->generateLayout()

ViewGroup generateLayout(DecorView decor)

7.PhoneWindow.java-->generateLayout()--> int layoutResource,layoutResource根据不同情况,返回不同的资源文件,也就是布局文件。

  int layoutResource;

8.PhoneWindow.java-->generateLayout()-->R.layout.screen_title; 拿出一个常用的布局文件,screen_title.xml

 layoutResource = R.layout.screen_title;

9.screen_title.xml的代码, ViewStub是用来显示ActionBar的,另外两个FrameLayout,一个显示TitleView,一个显示ContentView,平时写的内容,正是ContentView

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:fitsSystemWindows="true">
    <!-- Popout bar for action modes -->
    <ViewStub android:id="@+id/action_mode_bar_stub"
              android:inflatedId="@+id/action_mode_bar"
              android:layout="@layout/action_mode_bar"
              android:layout_width="match_parent"
              android:layout_height="wrap_content"
              android:theme="?attr/actionBarTheme" />
    <FrameLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent" 
        android:layout_height="?android:attr/windowTitleSize"
        style="?android:attr/windowTitleBackgroundStyle">
        <TextView android:id="@android:id/title" 
            style="?android:attr/windowTitleStyle"
            android:background="@null"
            android:fadingEdge="horizontal"
            android:gravity="center_vertical"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent" />
    </FrameLayout>
    <FrameLayout android:id="@android:id/content"
        android:layout_width="match_parent" 
        android:layout_height="0dip"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:foregroundGravity="fill_horizontal|top"
        android:foreground="?android:attr/windowContentOverlay" />
</LinearLayout>

如以下结构图:

image.png

三、事件分发涉及到的主要方法

涉及到的方法

	@Override
    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
        //分发事件
        return super.dispatchTouchEvent(ev);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
        //拦截事件
        return super.onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        //消费事件
        return super.onTouchEvent(event);
    }

Activity涉及到的方法:dispatchTouchEvent()、onTouchEvent()

ViewGroup涉及到的方法:dispatchTouchEvent()、onInterceptTouchEvent()

View涉及到的方法:dispatchTouchEvent()、onTouchEvent()

四、事件分发流程

1.Activity把事件分发到ViewGroup

(1)事件传递

每一次事件分发,都是从dispatchTouchEvent()开始的。

1)查看Activity的源码,调用了getWindow().superDispatchTouchEvent(ev)

public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
        if (ev.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
            onUserInteraction();
        }
        if (getWindow().superDispatchTouchEvent(ev)) {
            return true;
        }
        return onTouchEvent(ev);
    }

2)在Activity.java中可以看到,所以getWindow().superDispatchTouchEvent(ev)实际上是调用了PhoneWindow.java中的superDispatchTouchEvent(ev)方法。

 public Window getWindow() {
        return mWindow;
    }

 mWindow = new PhoneWindow(this, window, activityConfigCallback); //mWindow的定义

3)然后再看PhoneWindow.java中的superDispatchTouchEvent(ev)方法,是调用DecorView.java的mDecor.superDispatchTouchEvent(event)

  @Override
    public boolean superDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        return mDecor.superDispatchTouchEvent(event);
    }

4)而DecorView是继承FrameLayout,再继承ViewGroup的

private DecorView mDecor; //实例对象
class DecorView extends FrameLayout; //继承FrameLayout
 FrameLayout extends ViewGroup; //继承ViewGroup

5)从上面四步来分析,Avtivity的getWindow().superDispatchTouchEvent()方法最后调用的是ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent()方法,从而实现了事件从Activity的dispatchTouchEvent()向下传递到ViewGroup的dispatchTouchEvent()方法。

(2)总结

6)返回值分析。

  • 如果Avtivity的getWindow().superDispatchTouchEvent()返回true,则Avtivity的dispatchTouchEvent(),也会返回true,表示点击事件顺利分发给ViewGroup,由ViewGroup继续进行下一层的分发,Avtivity的分发任务结束。
  • 如果返回false,表示此次点击事件由Avtivity层消费,会执行Avtivity的onTouchEvent(),无论onTouchEvent()这个方法返回的是true或者false,本次的事件分发都结束了。

(3)流程图

事件分发.png

2.ViewGroup把事件分发到ViewGroup或View

(1)事件拦截

ViewGroup.java中的部分代码
ViewGroup-->dispatchTouchEvent()

public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {  			
				if (!disallowIntercept) {
                    intercepted = onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);
                    ev.setAction(action); // restore action in case it was changed
                } else {
                    intercepted = false;
                }
 }

方法中使用了onInterceptTouchEvent(ev)方法

  • 如果返回true,则表示ViewGroup拦截此次事件。
  • 如果返回false,则表示ViewGroup不拦截,事件继续往下分发。
  • onInterceptTouchEvent(ev)默认返回不拦截,可以在ViewGroup中重写改方法来拦截事件。
  • 不拦截事件,则会调用ViewGroup的onTouchEvent()来处理点击事件,把事件消费掉。

(2)分发

这个源码中,使用到了intercepted这个变量,主要作用是来遍历子ViewGroup和View,

  • 当intercepted为false的时候,遍历子ViewGroup和子View,因为这个事件没有被消费掉,继续分发到子ViewGroup和子View。
  • 当intercepted为true的时候,该事件已经被消费,不会继续往下分发,也不会遍历子ViewGroup和子View,也不会执行if语句里面的方法。
  • 进入if语句中判断点击事件的触摸范围(焦点)是否属于某个子ViewGroup或者子View。
  • 如果触摸范围属于子View,则调用子View的dispatchTouchEvent()方法。
  • 如果触摸范围属于子ViewGroup,则继续遍历下一层的ViewGroup或者View。
  • 遍历到最下层的View,还是找不到消费此处事件的View,则依次回调上一层的ViewGroup的onTouchEvent()方法,直到回调到Activity的onTouchEvent()方法。
 			// Check for interception.
            final boolean intercepted;

			if (!canceled && !intercepted) {

                // If the event is targeting accessibility focus we give it to the
                // view that has accessibility focus and if it does not handle it
                // we clear the flag and dispatch the event to all children as usual.
                // We are looking up the accessibility focused host to avoid keeping
                // state since these events are very rare.
                View childWithAccessibilityFocus = ev.isTargetAccessibilityFocus()
                        ? findChildWithAccessibilityFocus() : null;

(3)流程图

ViewGroup事件分发.png

3.View的事件分发

(1)分析

View的dispatchTouchEvent()的源码

 public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        // If the event should be handled by accessibility focus first.
        if (event.isTargetAccessibilityFocus()) {
            // We don't have focus or no virtual descendant has it, do not handle the event.
            if (!isAccessibilityFocusedViewOrHost()) {
                return false;
            }
            // We have focus and got the event, then use normal event dispatch.
            event.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);
        }

        boolean result = false;

        if (mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
            mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onTouchEvent(event, 0);
        }

        final int actionMasked = event.getActionMasked();
        if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
            // Defensive cleanup for new gesture
            stopNestedScroll();
        }

        if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(event)) {
            if ((mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED && handleScrollBarDragging(event)) {
                result = true;
            }
            //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
            ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
            if (li != null && li.mOnTouchListener != null
                    && (mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED
                    && li.mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this, event)) {
                result = true;
            }

            if (!result && onTouchEvent(event)) {
                result = true;
            }
        }

        if (!result && mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
            mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onUnhandledEvent(event, 0);
        }

        // Clean up after nested scrolls if this is the end of a gesture;
        // also cancel it if we tried an ACTION_DOWN but we didn't want the rest
        // of the gesture.
        if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP ||
                actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL ||
                (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN && !result)) {
            stopNestedScroll();
        }

        return result;
    }

  • 在View的dispatchTouchEvent()方法中首先会调用onTouch()方法,如果onTouch()方法能够消费该事件,就会直接返回True,从而直接结束View的dispatchTouchEvent()方法,不再执行onTouchEvent()方法;
  • 如果onTouch()方法不能消费该事件,就会返回False,从而继续执行onTouchEvent``()方法。
  • 如果onTouchEvent()能够消费该事件,就会返回True从而直接结束dispatchTouchEvent()方法。
  • 如果onTouchEvent()方法也不能消费该事件,就会返回默认的False从而回调到上一层ViewGroup的onTouchEvent()方法,直到回调到Activity的onTouchEvent``()方法。

(2)流程图

View的事件分发.png

五、具体例子

(0)测试代码

共有三种类型和四个测试代码

Activity:EventDistributionActivity

ViewGroup:EventDistributionLinearLayout1、EventDistributionLinearLayout2

View:EventDistributionButton

分别代码:
EventDistributionActivity.java

public class EventDistributionActivity extends BaseActivity {
    Button mBtn;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_event_distribution);
        mBtn = findViewById(R.id.btn);
        OnClick();
    }

    public void OnClick() {
        mBtn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Log.v("showLog", "按钮被点击!");
            }
        });

        mBtn.setOnTouchListener(new View.OnTouchListener() {
            @Override
            public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) {
                boolean dis = false;
                Log.v("showLog", "Button.Touch()=" + dis);
                return dis;
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
        //分发事件
        boolean dis = super.dispatchTouchEvent(ev);
        Log.v("showLog", "Activity.dispatchTouchEvent()=" + dis);
        return dis;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        //处理事件
        boolean dis = super.onTouchEvent(event);
        Log.v("showLog", "Activity.onTouchEvent()=" + dis);
        return dis;
    }

}

EventDistributionLinearLayout1.java


public class EventDistributionLinearLayout1 extends LinearLayout {
    public EventDistributionLinearLayout1(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
        //分发事件
        boolean dis = super.dispatchTouchEvent(ev);
        Log.v("showLog", "LinearLayout1.dispatchTouchEvent()=" + dis);
        return dis;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
        //拦截事件
        boolean dis = super.onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);
        Log.v("showLog", "LinearLayout1.onInterceptTouchEvent()=" + dis);
        return dis;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        //消费事件
        boolean dis = super.onTouchEvent(event);
        Log.v("showLog", "LinearLayout1.onTouchEvent()=" + dis);
        return dis;
    }
}

EventDistributionLinearLayout2.java

public class EventDistributionLinearLayout2 extends LinearLayout {
    public EventDistributionLinearLayout2(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
        //分发事件
        boolean dis = super.dispatchTouchEvent(ev);
        Log.v("showLog", "LinearLayout2.dispatchTouchEvent()=" + dis);
        return dis;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
        //拦截事件
        boolean dis = super.onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);
        dis = true;
        Log.v("showLog", "LinearLayout2.onInterceptTouchEvent()=" + dis);
        return dis;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        //消费事件
        boolean dis = super.onTouchEvent(event);
        Log.v("showLog", "LinearLayout2.onTouchEvent()=" + dis);
        return dis;
    }
}

EventDistributionButton.java


public class EventDistributionButton extends Button {
    public EventDistributionButton(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
    }
    @Override
    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        //分发事件
        boolean dis = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
        Log.v("showLog", "Button.dispatchTouchEvent()=" + dis);
        return dis;
    }
    
    @Override
    public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        //消费事件
        boolean dis = super.onTouchEvent(event);
        Log.v("showLog", "Button.onTouchEvent()=" + dis);
        return dis;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean performClick() {
        boolean dis = super.performClick();
        Log.v("showLog", "Button.performClick()="+dis);
        return dis;
    }

}

activity_event_distribution.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<com.lanjiabin.systemtest.event.EventDistributionLinearLayout1 xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".event.EventDistributionActivity">

    <com.lanjiabin.systemtest.event.EventDistributionLinearLayout2
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical">

        <com.lanjiabin.systemtest.event.EventDistributionButton
            android:background="@drawable/button_color_circle_shape1"
            android:id="@+id/btn"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_gravity="center"
            android:layout_marginTop="300dp"
            android:text="点击" />

    </com.lanjiabin.systemtest.event.EventDistributionLinearLayout2>

</com.lanjiabin.systemtest.event.EventDistributionLinearLayout1>

效果图:一个LinearLayout1包含LinearLayout2再包含一个Button

界面只有一个按钮

image.png

(1)测试1

测试用例:按钮消费事件,和空白处不消费事件

按住按钮不松开,事件被Button的onTouchEvent()消费

LinearLayout1.onInterceptTouchEvent()=false
LinearLayout2.onInterceptTouchEvent()=false
Button.Touch()=false
Button.onTouchEvent()=true
Button.dispatchTouchEvent()=true
LinearLayout2.dispatchTouchEvent()=true
LinearLayout1.dispatchTouchEvent()=true
Activity.dispatchTouchEvent()=true

按住空白处不松开,没有事件被消费

LinearLayout1.onInterceptTouchEvent()=false
LinearLayout2.onInterceptTouchEvent()=false
LinearLayout2.onTouchEvent()=false
LinearLayout2.dispatchTouchEvent()=false
LinearLayout1.onTouchEvent()=false
LinearLayout1.dispatchTouchEvent()=false
Activity.onTouchEvent()=false
Activity.dispatchTouchEvent()=false

(2)测试2

测试用例:在LinearLayout2处截断

修改代码:EventDistributionLinearLayout2.java

 @Override
    public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
        //拦截事件
        boolean dis = super.onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);
        dis = true;
        Log.v("showLog", "LinearLayout2.onInterceptTouchEvent()=" + dis);
        return dis;
    }

按住按钮不松开:事件截断生效,将不会继续遍历下层的ViewGroup或者View,所以日志中看不到Button的日志打印。

LinearLayout1.onInterceptTouchEvent()=false
LinearLayout2.onInterceptTouchEvent()=true  //截断生效
LinearLayout2.onTouchEvent()=false
LinearLayout2.dispatchTouchEvent()=false
LinearLayout1.onTouchEvent()=false
LinearLayout1.dispatchTouchEvent()=false
Activity.onTouchEvent()=false
Activity.dispatchTouchEvent()=false

(3)测试3

测试用例:在View中onTouch()中返回true

也就是在Button中设置onTouch()返回true,则不会产生点击事件,完整的点击事件是被按下和松开的,所以上面没有点击按钮的监听事件的打印日志。

首先,看看完整的点击事件日志,去掉先前测试的改变的代码。

LinearLayout1.onInterceptTouchEvent()=false
LinearLayout2.onInterceptTouchEvent()=false
Button.Touch()=false
Button.onTouchEvent()=true  //触摸按下事件被消费
Button.dispatchTouchEvent()=true
LinearLayout2.dispatchTouchEvent()=true
LinearLayout1.dispatchTouchEvent()=true
Activity.dispatchTouchEvent()=true  //触摸按下的事件处理结束
LinearLayout1.onInterceptTouchEvent()=false  //开始触摸i抬起的事件
LinearLayout2.onInterceptTouchEvent()=false
Button.Touch()=false
Button.onTouchEvent()=true //触摸抬起的事件被消费
Button.dispatchTouchEvent()=true
LinearLayout2.dispatchTouchEvent()=true
LinearLayout1.dispatchTouchEvent()=true
Activity.dispatchTouchEvent()=true
按钮被点击!  //onClick
Button.performClick()=true

开始测试用例:

修改代码:
EventDistributionActivity.java,将boolean dis = false;修改为boolean dis = true;

  mBtn.setOnTouchListener(new View.OnTouchListener() {
            @Override
            public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) {
                boolean dis = true;
                Log.v("showLog", "Button.Touch()=" + dis);
                return dis;
            }
        });

按下和松开按钮:可以看到,事件被Button.Touch()消费了,因为在Touch()返回了true,事件没有继续传递下去,所以onClick事件没有被触发,没有生效。

LinearLayout1.onInterceptTouchEvent()=false
LinearLayout2.onInterceptTouchEvent()=false
Button.Touch()=true  //触摸事件被消费
Button.dispatchTouchEvent()=true
LinearLayout2.dispatchTouchEvent()=true
LinearLayout1.dispatchTouchEvent()=true
Activity.dispatchTouchEvent()=true //触摸按下事件处理完毕
LinearLayout1.onInterceptTouchEvent()=false
LinearLayout2.onInterceptTouchEvent()=false
Button.Touch()=true
Button.dispatchTouchEvent()=true
LinearLayout2.dispatchTouchEvent()=true
LinearLayout1.dispatchTouchEvent()=true
Activity.dispatchTouchEvent()=true

编程中我们会遇到多少挫折?表放弃,沙漠尽头必是绿洲。

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lanjiabin/p/12853407.html