二次导数回推函数零点

已知函数(f(x)=sinx-ln(1+x)),证明:

((1)) (f'(x))在区间((-1,frac{π}{2}))存在唯一极大值

((2)) (f(x))有且仅有两个零点

解:

((1))

[f'(x)=cosx-frac{1}{x+1} ]

[f''(x)=-sinx+frac{1}{(x+1)^2} ]

(xin (-1,frac{π}{2}))时,(f''(x))单调减

[f''(0)>0,f''(frac{π}{2})<0 ]

所以((-1,frac{π}{2}))上,(f'(x))有唯一极大值点

((2))

(xin (-1,0])

(f''(x)>0,f'(x))单调增

(f'(0)=0),所以(xin (-1,0))(f'(x)<0)(f(x))((-1,0))单调减

(f(0)=0),所以((-1,0])(f(x))仅有一个零点

(xin (0,frac{π}{2}])

假设(f'(x))((-1,frac{π}{2}))上极值点为(α),则在((0,α),f'(x))单调增,((α,frac{π}{2}))单调减

(f'(0)=0,f'(frac{π}{2})<0),所以存在(βin (α,frac{π}{2}))使得(f'(β)=0,f(β))是极大值点

(f(0)=0,f(frac{π}{2})>0),所以((0,frac{π}{2}))中没有零点

(xin (frac{π}{2}))

(f'(x)<0),所以(f(x))单调减

(f(frac{π}{2})>0,f(π)<0),所以存在唯一零点

(xin (π,+∞))

(ln(x+1)>0),所以(f(x)<0)

综上,(f(x))((-1,+∞))有且仅有两个零点

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/knife-rose/p/13291924.html