面向对象——单例模式,五种方式

单例模式:多次实例化的结果指向同一个实例

实现方式 一、使用类方法(调用创新对象,函数返回原定对象)
import settings
class Mysql:
    __instance = None

    def __init__(self, host, port):
        self.host = host
        self.port = port

    @classmethod
    def singleton(cls):
        if not cls.__instance:
            # 创建类实例存入局部空间
            cls.__instance = cls(settings.IP, settings.PORT)
        return cls.__instance


# 使用init创建实例
obj1 = Mysql('1.1.1.2', 3306)
obj2 = Mysql('1.1.1.3', 3307)
print(obj1 is obj2)  # False

# 使用类方法创建实例
obj3 = Mysql.singleton()
obj4 = Mysql.singleton()
print(obj3 is obj4)  # True
实现方式 二、定义装饰器(有参创建新对象,无参返回原对象)
import settings

def singleton(cls):
    _instance=cls(settings.IP,settings.PORT)
    def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
        if len(args) !=0 or len(kwargs) !=0:
            obj=cls(*args,**kwargs)
            return obj
        return _instance
    return wrapper

@singleton #MySQL=singleton(MySQL) #MySQL=wrapper
class MySQL:
    def __init__(self, ip, port):
        self.ip = ip
        self.port = port

# obj=MySQL('1.1.1.1',3306) #obj=wrapper('1.1.1.1',3306)
# print(obj.__dict__)

obj1=MySQL() #wrapper()
obj2=MySQL() #wrapper()
obj3=MySQL() #wrapper()
obj4=MySQL('1.1.1.3',3302) #wrapper('1.1.1.3',3302)
print(obj1)
print(obj2)
print(obj3)
print(obj4)
实现方式 三、元类实现(有参创建新对象,无参返回原对象)
import settings

class Mymeta(type):
    def __init__(self,class_name,class_bases,class_dic):
        #self=MySQL这个类
        self.__instance=self(settings.IP,settings.PORT)

    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # self=MySQL这个类
        if len(args) != 0 or len(kwargs) != 0:
            obj=self.__new__(self)
            self.__init__(obj,*args, **kwargs)
            return obj
        else:
            return self.__instance

class MySQL(metaclass=Mymeta): #MySQL=Mymeta(...)
    def __init__(self, ip, port):
        self.ip = ip
        self.port = port


obj1=MySQL()
obj2=MySQL()
obj3=MySQL()
obj4=MySQL('1.1.1.3',3302)
print(obj1)
print(obj2)
print(obj3)
print(obj4)
实现方式 四、模块实现

配置文件settings

IP = '192.168.1.1'
PORT = 3306

-模块文件 singleton

import settings


class MySQL:
    print('run....')

    def __init__(self, ip, port):
        self.ip = ip
        self.port = port


instance = MySQL(settings.IP, settings.PORT)

-执行文件

def f1():
    from singleton import instance
    print(instance)
def f2():
    from singleton import instance,MySQL
    print(instance)
    obj = MySQL('1.1.1.3',3302)
    print(obj)
f1()
f2()
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/king-home/p/10793195.html