Java架构笔记：用JWT对SpringCloud进行认证和鉴权

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JWT(JSON WEB TOKEN)是基于RFC 7519标准定义的一种可以安全传输的小巧和自包含的JSON对象。由于数据是使用数字签名的，所以是可信任的和安全的。JWT可以使用HMAC算法对secret进行加密或者使用RSA的公钥私钥对来进行签名。

JWT通常由头部(Header)，负载(Payload)，签名(Signature)三个部分组成，中间以.号分隔，其格式为Header.Payload.Signature

Header：声明令牌的类型和使用的算法

alg：签名的算法

typ：token的类型，比如JWT

Payload：也称为JWT Claims，包含用户的一些信息

   系统保留的声明（Reserved claims）：
      iss <span class="token punctuation">(</span>issuer<span class="token punctuation">)</span>：签发人

      <span class="hljs-built_in">exp</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>expiration time<span class="token punctuation">)</span>：过期时间

      sub <span class="token punctuation">(</span>subject<span class="token punctuation">)</span>：主题

      aud <span class="token punctuation">(</span>audience<span class="token punctuation">)</span>：受众用户

      nbf <span class="token punctuation">(</span>Not Before<span class="token punctuation">)</span>：在此之前不可用

      iat <span class="token punctuation">(</span>Issued At<span class="token punctuation">)</span>：签发时间

      jti <span class="token punctuation">(</span>JWT ID<span class="token punctuation">)</span>：JWT唯一标识，能用于防止JWT重复使用

公共的声明(public)：
      见 http<span class="token operator">:</span><span class="token operator"><span class="hljs-comment">/</span></span><span class="token operator"><span class="hljs-comment">/</span></span><span class="hljs-comment">www</span><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-comment">.</span></span><span class="hljs-comment">iana</span><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-comment">.</span></span><span class="hljs-comment">org</span><span class="token operator"><span class="hljs-comment">/</span></span><span class="hljs-comment">assignments</span><span class="token operator"><span class="hljs-comment">/</span></span><span class="hljs-comment">jwt</span><span class="token operator"><span class="hljs-comment">/</span></span><span class="hljs-comment">jwt</span><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-comment">.</span></span><span class="hljs-comment">xhtml</span>

私有的声明(private claims)：
      根据业务需要自己定义的数据

Signature：签名

   签名格式：
      HMACSHA256(base64UrlEncode(header) + <span class="hljs-string">"."</span> + base64UrlEncode(payload), secret)

JWT的特点：

JWT默认是不加密的，不能把用户敏感类信息放在Payload部分。 JWT 不仅可以用于认证，也可以用于交换信息。 JWT的最大缺点是服务器不保存会话状态，所以在使用期间不可能取消令牌或更改令牌的权限。 JWT本身包含认证信息，为了减少盗用，JWT的有效期不宜设置太长。为了减少盗用和窃取，JWT不建议使用HTTP协议来传输代码，而是使用加密的HTTPS协议进行传输。首次生成token比较慢，比较耗CPU，在高并发的情况下需要考虑CPU占用问题。

生成的token比较长，可能需要考虑流量问题。

认证原理：

 客户端向服务器申请授权，服务器认证以后，生成一个token字符串并返回给客户端，此后客户端在请求
 受保护的资源时携带这个token，服务端进行验证再从这个token中解析出用户的身份信息。

JWT的使用方式：

  一种做法是放在HTTP请求的头信息Authorization字段里面，格式如下：
     Authorization<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><span class="xml"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;</span></span></span><span class="xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><span class="hljs-name">token</span></span></span></span><span class="token punctuation"><span class="xml"><span class="hljs-tag">&gt;</span></span></span></span><span class="token plain-text"><span class="xml">

     需要将服务器设置为接受来自所有域的请求，用Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *

另一种做法是，跨域的时候，JWT就放在POST请求的数据体里面。

对JWT实现token续签的做法：

1、额外生成一个refreshToken用于获取新token，refreshToken需存储于服务端，其过期时间比JWT的过期时间要稍长。 2、用户携带refreshToken参数请求token刷新接口，服务端在判断refreshToken未过期后，取出关联的用户信息和当前token。

3、使用当前用户信息重新生成token，并将旧的token置于黑名单中，返回新的token。

创建用于登录认证的工程auth-service：

1、创建pom.xml文件

Xml代码

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">  
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>  
  <groupId>com.seasy.springcloud</groupId>  
  <artifactId>auth-service</artifactId>  
  <version>1.0.0</version>  
  <packaging>jar</packaging>  
<parent>

<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>

<version>2.0.8.RELEASE</version>

<relativePath/>

</parent>
<properties>

<java.version>1.8</java.version>

<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>

<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>

</properties>
<dependencies>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>

</dependency>
<span class="token comment"><span class="hljs-comment">&lt;!-- spring cloud --&gt;</span></span>  
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;</span></span><span class="hljs-tag"><span class="hljs-name">dependency</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&gt;</span></span></span>  
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;</span></span><span class="hljs-tag"><span class="hljs-name">groupId</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&gt;</span></span></span>org.springframework.cloud<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/</span></span><span class="hljs-tag"><span class="hljs-name">groupId</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&gt;</span></span></span>  
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;</span></span><span class="hljs-tag"><span class="hljs-name">artifactId</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&gt;</span></span></span>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/</span></span><span class="hljs-tag"><span class="hljs-name">artifactId</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&gt;</span></span></span>  
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/</span></span><span class="hljs-tag"><span class="hljs-name">dependency</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&gt;</span></span></span>  
  
<span class="token comment"><span class="hljs-comment">&lt;!-- redis --&gt;</span></span>  
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;</span></span><span class="hljs-tag"><span class="hljs-name">dependency</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&gt;</span></span></span>  
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;</span></span><span class="hljs-tag"><span class="hljs-name">groupId</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&gt;</span></span></span>org.springframework.boot<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/</span></span><span class="hljs-tag"><span class="hljs-name">groupId</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&gt;</span></span></span>  
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;</span></span><span class="hljs-tag"><span class="hljs-name">artifactId</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&gt;</span></span></span>spring-boot-starter-data-redis<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/</span></span><span class="hljs-tag"><span class="hljs-name">artifactId</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&gt;</span></span></span>  
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/</span></span><span class="hljs-tag"><span class="hljs-name">dependency</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&gt;</span></span></span>  
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;</span></span><span class="hljs-tag"><span class="hljs-name">dependency</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&gt;</span></span></span>  
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;</span></span><span class="hljs-tag"><span class="hljs-name">groupId</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&gt;</span></span></span>org.apache.commons<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/</span></span><span class="hljs-tag"><span class="hljs-name">groupId</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&gt;</span></span></span>  
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;</span></span><span class="hljs-tag"><span class="hljs-name">artifactId</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&gt;</span></span></span>commons-pool2<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/</span></span><span class="hljs-tag"><span class="hljs-name">artifactId</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&gt;</span></span></span>  
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/</span></span><span class="hljs-tag"><span class="hljs-name">dependency</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&gt;</span></span></span>  
  
<span class="token comment"><span class="hljs-comment">&lt;!-- jwt --&gt;</span></span>  
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;</span></span><span class="hljs-tag"><span class="hljs-name">dependency</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&gt;</span></span></span>  
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;</span></span><span class="hljs-tag"><span class="hljs-name">groupId</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&gt;</span></span></span>com.auth0<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/</span></span><span class="hljs-tag"><span class="hljs-name">groupId</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&gt;</span></span></span>  
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;</span></span><span class="hljs-tag"><span class="hljs-name">artifactId</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&gt;</span></span></span>java-jwt<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/</span></span><span class="hljs-tag"><span class="hljs-name">artifactId</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&gt;</span></span></span>  
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;</span></span><span class="hljs-tag"><span class="hljs-name">version</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&gt;</span></span></span>3.7.0<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/</span></span><span class="hljs-tag"><span class="hljs-name">version</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&gt;</span></span></span>  
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&lt;/</span></span><span class="hljs-tag"><span class="hljs-name">dependency</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-tag">&gt;</span></span></span>  

</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>

<dependencies>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>

<version>Finchley.RELEASE</version>

<type>pom</type>

<scope>import</scope>

</dependency>

</dependencies>

</dependencyManagement>

</project>

2、JWT工具类

Java代码

public class JWTUtil {  
    public static final String SECRET_KEY = "123456"; //秘钥  
    public static final long TOKEN_EXPIRE_TIME = 5 * 60 * 1000; //token过期时间  
    public static final long REFRESH_TOKEN_EXPIRE_TIME = 10 * 60 * 1000; //refreshToken过期时间  
    private static final String ISSUER = "issuer"; //签发人  
<span class="token comment">/** 
 * 生成签名 
 */</span>  
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> String <span class="token function">generateToken</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">String username</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>  
    Date now <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Date</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
    Algorithm algorithm <span class="token operator">=</span> Algorithm<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">HMAC256</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">SECRET_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//算法  </span>
      
    String token <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">JWT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">create</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>  
        <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">withIssuer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">ISSUER</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">//签发人  </span>
        <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">withIssuedAt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>now<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">//签发时间  </span>
        <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">withExpiresAt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Date</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>now<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getTime</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token constant">TOKEN_EXPIRE_TIME</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">//过期时间  </span>
        <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">withClaim</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"username"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> username<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">//保存身份标识  </span>
        <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>algorithm<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> token<span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>  
  
<span class="token comment">/** 
 * 验证token 
 */</span>  
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token builtin">boolean</span> <span class="token function">verify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">String token</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>  
    <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>  
        Algorithm algorithm <span class="token operator">=</span> Algorithm<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">HMAC256</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">SECRET_KEY</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//算法  </span>
        JWTVerifier verifier <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">JWT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>algorithm<span class="token punctuation">)</span>  
                <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">withIssuer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">ISSUER</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>  
                <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">build</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
        verifier<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">verify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>token<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>Exception ex<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>  
        ex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">printStackTrace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>  
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>  
  
<span class="token comment">/** 
 * 从token获取username 
 */</span>  
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> String <span class="token function">getUsername</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">String token</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>  
    <span class="token keyword">try</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>  
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token constant">JWT</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>token<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getClaim</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"username"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">asString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token keyword">catch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Exception ex<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>  
        ex<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">printStackTrace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>  
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token string">""</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>  

}

3、LoginController类

Java代码

@RestController  
public class LoginController {  
    @Autowired  
    StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate;  
<span class="token comment"><span class="hljs-comment"><span class="markdown">/** 

     * 登录认证 

     * @param username 用户名 

     * @param password 密码 

     */

@GetMapping("/login")

public AuthResult login(@RequestParam String username, @RequestParam String password) {

if("admin".equals(username) && "admin".equals(password)){

//生成token  

String token = JWTUtil.generateToken(username);
        <span class="token comment"><span class="hljs-comment">//生成refreshToken  </span></span>
        <span class="hljs-built_in">String</span> refreshToken <span class="token operator">=</span> StringUtil<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getUUIDString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
          
        <span class="token comment"><span class="hljs-comment">//数据放入redis  </span></span>
        redisTemplate<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">opsForHash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">put</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>refreshToken<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string"><span class="hljs-string">"token"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> token<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
        redisTemplate<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">opsForHash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">put</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>refreshToken<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string"><span class="hljs-string">"username"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> username<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
          
        <span class="token comment"><span class="hljs-comment">//设置token的过期时间  </span></span>
        redisTemplate<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">expire</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>refreshToken<span class="token punctuation">,</span> JWTUtil<span class="token punctuation">.</span>REFRESH_TOKEN_EXPIRE_TIME<span class="token punctuation">,</span> TimeUnit<span class="token punctuation">.</span>MILLISECONDS<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
          
        <span class="token keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">return</span></span> <span class="token keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">new</span></span> <span class="token class-name">AuthResult</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number"><span class="hljs-number">0</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string"><span class="hljs-string">"success"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> token<span class="token punctuation">,</span> refreshToken<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">else</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>  
        <span class="token keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">return</span></span> <span class="token keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">new</span></span> <span class="token class-name">AuthResult</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number"><span class="hljs-number">1001</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string"><span class="hljs-string">"username or password error"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>  
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>  
  
<span class="token comment"><span class="hljs-comment"><span class="markdown">/** 

     * 刷新token 

     */

@GetMapping("/refreshToken")

public AuthResult refreshToken(@RequestParam String refreshToken) {

String username = (String)redisTemplate.opsForHash().get(refreshToken, "username");

if(StringUtil.isEmpty(username)){

return new AuthResult(1003, "refreshToken error");

}
    <span class="token comment"><span class="hljs-comment">//生成新的token  </span></span>
    <span class="hljs-built_in">String</span> newToken <span class="token operator">=</span> JWTUtil<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">generateToken</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>username<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
    redisTemplate<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">opsForHash</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">put</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>refreshToken<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string"><span class="hljs-string">"token"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> newToken<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
    <span class="token keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">return</span></span> <span class="token keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">new</span></span> <span class="token class-name">AuthResult</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number"><span class="hljs-number">0</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string"><span class="hljs-string">"success"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> newToken<span class="token punctuation">,</span> refreshToken<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>  

<span class="token metadata symbol"><span class="hljs-meta">@GetMapping</span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string"><span class="hljs-string">"/"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>  
public <span class="hljs-built_in">String</span> <span class="token function">index</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>  
    <span class="token keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">return</span></span> <span class="token string"><span class="hljs-string">"auth-service: "</span></span> <span class="token operator">+</span> LocalDateTime<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">now</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>DateTimeFormatter<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">ofPattern</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string"><span class="hljs-string">"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>  

}

4、application配置信息

Java代码

spring.application.name=auth-service  
server.port=4040  
eureka.instance.hostname=${spring.cloud.client.ip-address}

eureka.instance.instance-id=${spring.cloud.client.ip-address}:${server.port}

eureka.instance.prefer-ip-address=true
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://root:123456@${eureka.instance.hostname}:7001/eureka/
#redis  

spring.redis.database=0

spring.redis.timeout=3000ms

spring.redis.lettuce.pool.max-active=100

spring.redis.lettuce.pool.max-wait=-1ms

spring.redis.lettuce.pool.min-idle=0

spring.redis.lettuce.pool.max-idle=8
#standalone  

spring.redis.host=192.168.134.134

spring.redis.port=7001
#sentinel  

#spring.redis.sentinel.master=mymaster  

#spring.redis.sentinel.nodes=192.168.134.134:26379,192.168.134.134:26380

5、启动类

Java代码

@SpringBootApplication  
@EnableEurekaClient  
public class Main{  
    public static void main(String[] args){  
        SpringApplication.run(Main.class, args);  
    }  
}

改造SpringCloud Gateway工程

1、在pom.xml文件添加依赖

Xml代码

<!-- redis -->  
<dependency>  
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>  
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>  
</dependency>  
<dependency>  
    <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>  
    <artifactId>commons-pool2</artifactId>  
</dependency>  
<!-- jwt -->

<dependency>

<groupId>com.auth0</groupId>

<artifactId>java-jwt</artifactId>

<version>3.7.0</version>

</dependency>

2、创建全局过滤器JWTAuthFilter

Java代码

@Component  
public class JWTAuthFilter implements GlobalFilter, Ordered{  
    @Override  
    public int getOrder() {  
        return -100;  
    }  
<span class="token annotation punctuation"><span class="hljs-meta">@Override</span></span>  
<span class="token keyword"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span></span></span><span class="hljs-function"> </span><span class="token class-name"><span class="hljs-function">Mono</span></span><span class="token generics"><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-function">&lt;</span></span><span class="token class-name"><span class="hljs-function">Void</span></span><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-function">&gt;</span></span></span><span class="hljs-function"> </span><span class="token function"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-title">filter</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-params">(</span></span></span><span class="token class-name"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-params">ServerWebExchange</span></span></span><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-params"> exchange</span></span><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-params">,</span></span></span><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-params"> </span></span><span class="token class-name"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-params">GatewayFilterChain</span></span></span><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-params"> chain</span></span><span class="token punctuation"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-params">)</span></span></span><span class="hljs-function"> </span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>  
    <span class="token class-name">String</span> url <span class="token operator">=</span> exchange<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getRequest</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getURI</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getPath</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
      
    <span class="token comment"><span class="hljs-comment">//忽略以下url请求  </span></span>
    <span class="token keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>url<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">indexOf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string"><span class="hljs-string">"/auth-service/"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;=</span> <span class="token number"><span class="hljs-number">0</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>  
        <span class="token keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">return</span></span> chain<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">filter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>exchange<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>  
      
    <span class="token comment"><span class="hljs-comment">//从请求头中取得token  </span></span>
    <span class="token class-name">String</span> token <span class="token operator">=</span> exchange<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getRequest</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getHeaders</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getFirst</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string"><span class="hljs-string">"Authorization"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
    <span class="token keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">StringUtil</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">isEmpty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>token<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>  
        <span class="token class-name">ServerHttpResponse</span> response <span class="token operator">=</span> exchange<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getResponse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
        response<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setStatusCode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">HttpStatus</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>OK<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
        response<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getHeaders</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string"><span class="hljs-string">"Content-Type"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string"><span class="hljs-string">"application/json;charset=UTF-8"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
          
        <span class="token class-name">Response</span> res <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">new</span></span> <span class="token class-name">Response</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number"><span class="hljs-number">401</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string"><span class="hljs-string">"401 unauthorized"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
        <span class="token keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">byte</span></span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> responseByte <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">JSONObject</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromObject</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>res<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">StandardCharsets</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>UTF_8<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
          
        <span class="token class-name">DataBuffer</span> buffer <span class="token operator">=</span> response<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">bufferFactory</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">wrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>responseByte<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
        <span class="token keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">return</span></span> response<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">writeWith</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Flux</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">just</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>buffer<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>  
      
    <span class="token comment"><span class="hljs-comment">//请求中的token是否在redis中存在  </span></span>
    <span class="token keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">boolean</span></span> verifyResult <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">JWTUtil</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">verify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>token<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
    <span class="token keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>verifyResult<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>  
        <span class="token class-name">ServerHttpResponse</span> response <span class="token operator">=</span> exchange<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getResponse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
        response<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setStatusCode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">HttpStatus</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>OK<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
        response<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getHeaders</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string"><span class="hljs-string">"Content-Type"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string"><span class="hljs-string">"application/json;charset=UTF-8"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  

        <span class="token class-name">Response</span> res <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">new</span></span> <span class="token class-name">Response</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number"><span class="hljs-number">1004</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string"><span class="hljs-string">"invalid token"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
        <span class="token keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">byte</span></span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> responseByte <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token class-name">JSONObject</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fromObject</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>res<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBytes</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">StandardCharsets</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>UTF_8<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
          
        <span class="token class-name">DataBuffer</span> buffer <span class="token operator">=</span> response<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">bufferFactory</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">wrap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>responseByte<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
        <span class="token keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">return</span></span> response<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">writeWith</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Flux</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">just</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>buffer<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>  
      
    <span class="token keyword"><span class="hljs-keyword">return</span></span> chain<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">filter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>exchange<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>  
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>  

}

3、关键的application配置信息

Java代码

spring:  
  application:  
    name: service-gateway  
  cloud:  
    gateway:  
      discovery:  
        locator:  
          enabled: true  
          lowerCaseServiceId: true  
      routes:  
        #认证服务路由  
        - id: auth-service  
          predicates:  
            - Path=/auth-service/**  
          uri: lb://auth-service  
          filters:  
            - StripPrefix=1

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原文地址：https://www.jianshu.com/p/cf9ad8c3621d

Java架构笔记：用JWT对SpringCloud进行认证和鉴权

写在前面

创建用于登录认证的工程auth-service：

1、 创建pom.xml文件

2、JWT工具类

3、LoginController类

4、application配置信息

5、启动类

改造SpringCloud Gateway工程

1、在pom.xml文件添加依赖

2、创建全局过滤器JWTAuthFilter

3、关键的application配置信息

1、创建pom.xml文件