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Spring注入方式
本篇博客只讲最常用的两种注入方式：设值注入和构造器注入。代码为完整代码，复制即可使用。
1.目录结构
2.pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.spring</groupId>
<artifactId>Spring</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>Spring</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<spring.version>4.3.7.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- junit依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- spring依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2.spring-ioc.xml(两种注入方式，任选一种)
2.1 设值注入
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="injectService" class="org.spring.ioc.injection.service.impl.InjectionServiceImpl">
<!-- 设值注入 -->
<property name="injectDao" ref="injectDao"/>
</bean>
<bean id="injectDao" class="org.spring.ioc.injection.dao.impl.InjectionDaoImpl"></bean>
</beans>
2.2 构造器注入
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="injectService" class="org.spring.ioc.injection.service.impl.InjectionServiceImpl">
<!-- 构造器注入 -->
<constructor-arg name="injectDao" ref="injectDao"/>
</bean>
<bean id="injectDao" class="org.spring.ioc.injection.dao.impl.InjectionDaoImpl"></bean>
</beans>
3.InjectionDao
package org.spring.ioc.injection.dao;
public interface InjectionDao {
String save(String word);
}
4.InjectionDaoImpl
package org.spring.ioc.injection.dao.impl;
import org.spring.ioc.injection.dao.InjectionDao;
public class InjectionDaoImpl implements InjectionDao {
public String save(String word) {
return "数据保存成功！保存的数据是：" + word.hashCode();
}
}
5.InjectionService
package org.spring.ioc.injection.service;
public interface InjectionService {
String save(String word);
}
6.InjectionServiceImpl(两种注入方式，任选一种)
6.1 设值注入
package org.spring.ioc.injection.service.impl;
import org.spring.ioc.injection.dao.InjectionDao;
import org.spring.ioc.injection.service.InjectionService;
public class InjectionServiceImpl implements InjectionService {
private InjectionDao injectDao;
//设值注入
public void setInjectDao(InjectionDao injectDao) {
this.injectDao = injectDao;
}
public String save(String word) {
System.out.println("传递过来的参数是：" + word);
return injectDao.save(word);
}
}
6.2 构造器注入
package org.spring.ioc.injection.service.impl;
import org.spring.ioc.injection.dao.InjectionDao;
import org.spring.ioc.injection.service.InjectionService;
public class InjectionServiceImpl implements InjectionService {
private InjectionDao injectDao;
//构造器注入
public InjectionServiceImpl(InjectionDao injectDao) {
this.injectDao = injectDao;
}
public String save(String word) {
System.out.println("传递过来的参数是：" + word);
return injectDao.save(word);
}
}
7.UnitTestBase.java
package org.spring.ioc.test;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
/**
* 单元测试初始化类
*
*/
public class UnitTestBase {
private ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context;
private String springXmlPath;
/**
* 无参构造器
*/
public UnitTestBase() {
}
/**
* 含参构造器
*
* @param springXmlPath
* spring配置文件路径
*/
public UnitTestBase(String springXmlPath) {
this.springXmlPath = springXmlPath;
}
/**
* 初始化spring配置文件
*/
@Before//在@Test注解的方法执行前执行
public void before() {
if(StringUtils.isEmpty(springXmlPath)) {//默认spring配置文件路径
springXmlPath = "classpath*:spring-*.xml";
}
//加载配置文件
context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(springXmlPath.split("[,\s]+"));
//启动组件
context.start();
}
/**
* 销毁spring组件
*/
@After//在@Test注解的方法执行后执行
public void after() {
context.destroy();//销毁组件
}
/**
* 获取spring中定义的bean实例
*
* @param beanId
*
* @return
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
protected <T extends Object> T getBean(String beanId) {
return (T) context.getBean(beanId);
}
/**
* 获取spring中定义的bean实例
*
* @param clazz
*
* @return
*/
protected <T extends Object> T getBean(Class<T> clazz) {
return (T) context.getBean(clazz);
}
}
8.TestInject.java
package org.spring.ioc.test;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.spring.ioc.injection.service.InjectionService;
@RunWith(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.class)//指定JUnit默认执行类
public class TestInject extends UnitTestBase {
public TestInject() {//通过构造方法传入spring配置文件路径
super("classpath*:spring-ioc.xml");
}
@Test
public void testInj() {
InjectionService injectService = super.getBean("injectService");//从spring容器中获取依赖对象
System.out.println(injectService.save("Word."));
}
}
9.效果预览
