ant实践总结

ant脚本结构

ant使用XML格式的配置文件，默认的名称是build.xml。配置文件的根节点是project，且project节点至少含有一个target子节点，先上代码：

1: <project name="MyProject" default="dist" basedir=".">
2: </project>

属性name表示项目的名称，default是在不指定任务时默认执行的任务，basedir用于从相对路径计算出绝对路径，如果没有设置，默认是配置文件（XML）所在的目录。

定义变量使用的是property，格式如下：

1: <property name="src" location="src"/>
2: <property name="src" value="value"/>

其中name是变量的名字，如果是location，该变量的值是location对应值的文件的路径;如果location已经是绝对路径则直接赋值给name对应的变量，如果location是相对目录，则将项目中basedir与该路径连接并赋值给name对应的变量。

完整的buildfile示例

 1: <project name="MyProject" default="dist" basedir=".">
 2:     <description>
 3:         simple example build file
 4:     </description>
 5:     <!-- set global properties for this build -->
 6:     <property name="src" location="src"/>
 7:     <property name="build" location="build"/>
 8:     <property name="dist"  location="dist"/>
 9: 
10:     <target name="init">
11:         <!-- Create the time stamp -->
12:         <tstamp/>
13:         <!-- Create the build directory structure used by compile -->
14:         <mkdir dir="${build}"/>
15:     </target>
16: 
17:     <target name="compile" depends="init"
18:             description="compile the source " >
19:         <!-- Compile the java code from ${src} into ${build} -->
20:         <javac srcdir="${src}" destdir="${build}"/>
21:     </target>
22: 
23:     <target name="dist" depends="compile"
24:             description="generate the distribution" >
25:         <!-- Create the distribution directory -->
26:         <mkdir dir="${dist}/lib"/>
27: 
28:         <!-- Put everything in ${build} into the MyProject-${DSTAMP}.jar file -->
29:         <jar jarfile="${dist}/lib/MyProject-${DSTAMP}.jar" basedir="${build}"/>
30:     </target>
31: 
32:     <target name="clean"
33:             description="clean up" >
34:         <!-- Delete the ${build} and ${dist} directory trees -->
35:         <delete dir="${build}"/>
36:         <delete dir="${dist}"/>
37:     </target>
38: </project>

如何打jar包，如何把外部的jar包一起打包到目标jar中？

 1: <path id="build.classpath">
 2:     <fileset dir="lib">
 3:         <include name="*.jar"/>
 4:     </fileset>
 5: </path>
 6: <manifestclasspath property="manifest.classpath" jarfile="ExceltoXML.jar">
 7:     <classpath refid="build.classpath" />
 8: </manifestclasspath>
 9: <target name="jar" depends="compile">
10:     <jar destfile="ExceltoXML.jar">
11:         <fileset dir="build/classes"/>
12:         <fileset dir="lib" />
13:         <manifest>
14:             <attribute name="Main-Class" value="xgh.ExceltoXML" />
15:             <attribute name="Class-Path" value="${manifest.classpath}" />
16:         </manifest>
17:     </jar>
18: </target>

说明：manifestclasspath用来设置目标jar运行时候的环境变量，否则将会出现class not found的错误。

参考文献

Using Apache Ant - Writing a Simple Buildfile