1. C
头文件：stdio.h
相关函数：
1. fopen()
2. fclose()
3. fgetc(FILE *fp)
4. fputc(int ch,FILE *fp)
5. fgets(char *str, int n, FILE *fp)
6. fputs()
7. fprintf(FILE *fp,char *format,arg_list)
8. fread(void *buffer,unsigned sife,unsigned count,FILE *fp)
9. fwrite(void *buffer,unsigned sife,unsigned count,FILE *fp)
10. getw(FILE *fp)
11. putw(int n,FILE *fp)
12. feof(FILE *fp)
13. ferror(FILE *fp)
14. clearerr(FILE *fp)
15. fseek(FILE *fp,long offset,int base)
16.
文件打开方式：
例子：将一个文件的内容复制到另一个文件中去。
#include <stdio.h>
void main(int argc,char *argv[]) //命令行参数
{
int ch;
FILE *in,*out; //定义in和out两个文件类型指针
if(argc!=3) //判断命令行是否正确
{
printf("Error in format,Usage: copyfile filename1 filename2
");
return; //命令行错，结束程序的执行
}
//按读方式打开由argv[1]指出的文件
if((in=fopen(argv[1],"r"))==NULL)
{
printf("The file <%s> can not be opened.
",argv[1]);
return; //打开失败，结束程序的执行
}
//成功打开了argv[1]所指文件，再
//按写方式打开由argv[2]指出的文件
if((out=fopen(argv[2],"w"))==NULL)
{
printf("The file %s can not be opened.
",argv[2]);
return; //打开失败，结束程序的执行
}
//成功打开了argv[2]所指文件
ch=fgetc(in); //从in所指文件的当前指针位置读取一个字符
while(ch!=EOF) //判断刚读取的字符是否是文件结束符
{
fputc(ch,out); //若不是结束符，将它写入out所指文件
ch=fgetc(in); //继续从in所指文件中读取下一个字符
} //完成将in所指文件的内容写入（复制）到out所指文件中
fclose(in); //关闭in所指文件
fclose(out); //关闭out所指文件
}
将一个文件的内容附加到另一个文件中去。
#include <stdio.h>
#define SIZE 512
void main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
char buffer[SIZE];
FILE *fp1,*fp2;
if(argc!=3)
{
printf("Usage: linkfile filename1 filename2
");
return;
}
// 按追加方式打开argv[1] 所指文件
if((fp1=fopen(argv[1],"a"))==NULL)
{
printf("The file %s can not be opened.
",argv[1]);
return;
}
if((fp2=fopen(argv[2],"r"))==NULL)
{
printf("The file %s can not be opened.
",argv[2]);
return;
}
// 读入一行立即写出，直到文件结束
while(fgets(buffer,SIZE,fp1)!=NULL)
printf("%s
",buffer);
while(fgets(buffer,SIZE,fp2)!=NULL)
fputs(buffer,fp1);
fclose(fp1);
fclose(fp2);
if((fp1=fopen(argv[1],"r"))==NULL)
{
printf("The file %s can not be opened.
",argv[1]);
return;
}
while(fgets(buffer,SIZE,fp1)!=NULL)
printf("%s
",buffer);
fclose(fp1);
}
2. C++
头文件：fstream
cstdlib
相关函数：
1. ofstream
2. ifstream
3. fstream
4. open()
5. istream &seekg(streamoff offset,seek_dir origin);
ostream &seekp(streamoff offset,seek_dir origin);
6. close()
7. ios::app： 以追加的方式打开文件
ios::ate： 文件打开后定位到文件尾，ios:app就包含有此属性
ios::binary： 以二进制方式打开文件，缺省的方式是文本方式。两种方式的区别见前文
ios::in： 文件以输入方式打开
ios::out： 文件以输出方式打开
ios::nocreate： 不建立文件，所以文件不存在时打开失败
ios::noreplace：不覆盖文件，所以打开文件时如果文件存在失败
ios::trunc： 如果文件存在，把文件长度设为0
例子：读取文件内容
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
char buffer[256];
ifstream examplefile("example.txt");
if (! examplefile.is_open())
{
cout << "Error opening file"; exit (1);
}
while (!examplefile.eof())
{
examplefile.getline(buffer,100);
cout<<buffer<< endl;
}
return 0;
}
获取二进制文件大小：
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
const char * filename = "example.txt";
long l,m;
ifstream file(filename, ios::in|ios::binary);
l = file.tellg();
file.seekg(0, ios::end);
m = file.tellg();
file.close();
cout <<"size of "<< filename;
cout <<" is "<< (m-l)<<" bytes.
";
return 0;
}
文件定位：
file1.seekg(1234,ios::cur);//把文件的读指针从当前位置向后移1234个字节
file2.seekp(1234,ios::beg);//把文件的写指针从文件开头向后移1234个字节
3. OPENCV
文件打开格式要求：.yml/.yaml/.xml
操作例子
// file write
#include "opencv2/opencv.hpp"
#include <time.h>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
int main(int, char** argv)
{
FileStorage fs("test.yml", FileStorage::WRITE);
fs << "frameCount" << 5;
time_t rawtime; time(&rawtime);
fs << "calibrationDate" << asctime(localtime(&rawtime));
Mat cameraMatrix = (Mat_<double>(3,3) << 1000, 0, 320, 0, 1000, 240, 0, 0, 1);
Mat distCoeffs = (Mat_<double>(5,1) << 0.1, 0.01, -0.001, 0, 0);
fs << "cameraMatrix" << cameraMatrix << "distCoeffs" << distCoeffs;
fs << "features" << "[";
for( int i = 0; i < 3; i++ )
{
int x = rand() % 640;
int y = rand() % 480;
uchar lbp = rand() % 256;
fs << "{:" << "x" << x << "y" << y << "lbp" << "[:";
for( int j = 0; j < 8; j++ )
fs << ((lbp >> j) & 1);
fs << "]" << "}";
}
fs << "]";
fs.release();
return 0;
}
文件读取：
// file read
FileStorage fs2("test.yml", FileStorage::READ);
// first method: use (type) operator on FileNode.
int frameCount = (int)fs2["frameCount"];
std::string date;
// second method: use FileNode::operator >>
fs2["calibrationDate"] >> date;
Mat cameraMatrix2, distCoeffs2;
fs2["cameraMatrix"] >> cameraMatrix2;
fs2["distCoeffs"] >> distCoeffs2;
cout << "frameCount: " << frameCount << endl
<< "calibration date: " << date << endl
<< "camera matrix: " << cameraMatrix2 << endl
<< "distortion coeffs: " << distCoeffs2 << endl;
FileNode features = fs2["features"];
FileNodeIterator it = features.begin(), it_end = features.end();
int idx = 0;
std::vector<uchar> lbpval;
// iterate through a sequence using FileNodeIterator
for( ; it != it_end; ++it, idx++ )
{
cout << "feature #" << idx << ": ";
cout << "x=" << (int)(*it)["x"] << ", y=" << (int)(*it)["y"] << ", lbp: (";
// you can also easily read numerical arrays using FileNode >> std::vector operator.
(*it)["lbp"] >> lbpval;
for( int i = 0; i < (int)lbpval.size(); i++ )
cout << " " << (int)lbpval[i];
cout << ")" << endl;
}
fs.release();