java文件下载

在开发中遇到需要下载文件的需求,现在把文件下载整理一下。

  1. 传统文件下载方式有超链接下载或者后台程序下载两种方式。通过超链接下载时,如果浏览器可以解析,那么就会直接打开,如果不能解析,就会弹出下载框;而后台程序下载就必须通过两个响应头和一个文件的输入流。
  2. 后台程序下载
    • 两个响应头:
      • Content-Type:其值有比如 text/html;charset=utf-8
      • Content-Disposition:其值为 attachment;filename=文件名 以附件形式打开
    • 流:需要获取文件的输入流,然后通过response对象的输出流输出到客户端。

1.Spring-ResponseEntity响应json格式接口,进行下载文件

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;

@RequestMapping(value = "/demoDown") //匹配的是href中的download请求
public ResponseEntity<byte[]> download(HttpServletRequest request, @RequestParam("filename") String filename,Model model) throws IOException {

        String downloadFilePath = 			  				                      request.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("uploadbill");

        filename = new String(filename.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), "UTF-8");
        //新建一个文件
        File file = new File(downloadFilePath + File.separator + filename);
		//http头信息
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
		//设置编码
        String downloadFileName = new String(filename.getBytes("UTF-8"), "iso-8859-1");

        headers.setContentDispositionFormData("attachment", downloadFileName);
		//MediaType:互联网媒介类型  contentType:具体请求中的媒体类型信息
        headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM);
      
        return new ResponseEntity<byte[]>(FileUtils.readFileToByteArray(file), headers, HttpStatus.CREATED);

    }
<!-- 上传组件包 上传时需要这两个依赖包,下载时可以不需要(如果以第一种方式进行下载文件则需要)-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
    <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
    <version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
    <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
    <version>2.4</version>
</dependency>

2.以流的方式下载

public HttpServletResponse download(String path, HttpServletResponse response) {
        try {
            // path指要下载的文件的路径。
            File file = new File(path);
            // 取得文件名
            String filename = file.getName();
            // 取得文件的后缀名
            String ext = filename.substring(filename.lastIndexOf(".") + 1).toUpperCase();

            // 获取一个输入流
            InputStream fis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(path));
            byte[] buffer = new byte[fis.available()];
            fis.read(buffer);
            fis.close();
            // 清空response
            response.reset();
            // 设置响应信息
            // 设置response的Header
            response.addHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + new String(filename.getBytes()));
            response.addHeader("Content-Length", "" + file.length());
            // 设置内容类型
            response.setContentType("application/octet-stream");
            //获取输出流,然后写出到客户端
            OutputStream toClient = new BufferedOutputStream(response.getOutputStream());            
            toClient.write(buffer);
            //强制写出
            toClient.flush();
            //关闭流
            toClient.close();
        } catch (IOException ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }
        return response;
    }

3.下载本地文件

public void downloadLocal(HttpServletResponse response) throws FileNotFoundException {
        //文件的默认保存名
        String fileName = "Operator.doc".toString();
    	// 文件的存放路径
        String filePath="c:/Operator.doc";
        // 读到流中
        InputStream inStream = new FileInputStream(filePath);
        // 设置输出的格式
        response.reset();
        response.setContentType("bin");
        response.addHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename="" + fileName + """);
        // 循环取出流中的数据
        byte[] b = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        try {
            while ((len = inStream.read(b)) > 0){
                response.getOutputStream().write(b, 0, len);
            }
            inStream.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

4.下载网络文件

public void downloadNet(HttpServletResponse response) throws MalformedURLException {
    
    	//网络地址
        String urlPath="windine.blogdriver.com/logo.gif";
        URL url = new URL(urlPath);

        try {
            URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();
            InputStream inStream = conn.getInputStream();
            FileOutputStream fs = new FileOutputStream("c:/abc.gif");

            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int byteread = 0;
            while ((byteread = inStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                fs.write(buffer, 0, byteread);
            }
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

5.支持在线打开的方式

public void downLoad(String filePath, HttpServletResponse response, boolean isOnLine) throws Exception {
        File f = new File(filePath);
        if (!f.exists()) {
            response.sendError(404, "File not found!");
            return;
        }
        BufferedInputStream br = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(f));
        byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
        int len = 0;

        response.reset();
    	// 在线打开方式
        if (isOnLine) { 
            URL u = new URL("file:///" + filePath);
            response.setContentType(u.openConnection().getContentType());
            response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "inline; filename=" + f.getName());
            // 文件名应该编码成UTF-8
        } else {
            // 纯下载方式
            response.setContentType("application/x-msdownload");
            response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=" + f.getName());
        }
        OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
        while ((len = br.read(buf)) > 0){
             out.write(buf, 0, len);
        }
           
        br.close();
        out.close();
    }

注意事项:要进行文件下载操作,不能用ajax请求来下载文件。

6.参考博文

(1)https://www.cnblogs.com/lucas1024/p/9533220.html(java下载文件的几种方式)
(2)https://blog.csdn.net/tuesdayma/article/details/79506432(不能使用ajax请求来进行下载文件)
(3)https://blog.csdn.net/yqs_love/article/details/51959776(拒绝访问、找不到指定路径问题解决)
(4)https://blog.csdn.net/loophome/article/details/86006812(Spring-ResponseEntity响应json格式接口)
(5)https://blog.csdn.net/qq_36537546/article/details/88421680(File.separator 详解)

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jasonboren/p/12201117.html