Oracle 11g R2 Client(64bit)的下载与安装(图文详解), 物理内存检查失败解决步骤
listener.ora、sqlnet.ora、tnsnames.ora 配置 tnsping 服务名
PLSQL13.0.0.1882 注册码:
产品号/product code: 4vkjwhfeh3ufnqnmpr9brvcuyujrx3n3le
序列号/serial Number:226959
密码/password: xs374ca
kfsvzt6zh2exaxzxgjk44rv5kp2yp68vgk 、186220、xs374ca
plsql v12汉化包下载地址:可汉化12.0及以上版本(安装到plsqldev.exe同级目录下)
ORA-12541:TNS:no listener 解决方法 cmd: lsnrctl start
修改配置文件信息
将两个文件中的 HOST=192.168.78.138(当然这个是我的地址),全改为 " HOST=localhost " 。
listener.ora 文件修改后,如下图:
tnsnames.ora 文件修改后,如下图:
以上两个配置文件修改完成后,Ctrl + R 在弹出框中输入 " SERVICES.MSC " ,找到Oracle的服务(OracleService)和 Oralce 监听服务 (OracleOraDb10g_homeTNLListener)
注意:先停止,然后再启动
修改字符集
设定NLS_LANG有三种方法:
a) 修改注册表: 运行>regedit>将HKLOCAL_MACHINESOFTWAREORACLEKEY_ORACLECLENT_HOME1下NLS_LANG键值改为你要设定的字符集,如将SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK改为:SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.AL32UTF8。这种做法如果无效,即使重新启动机器后,也没有生效,NLS_LANG仍使用当初安装时的OS字符集,就试用第个方法。
b) 设定环境变量: 在My Computer->Properties->Advanced->Environment Variables->System Variables 新增环境变量设置,如:Variable name=NLS_LANG,Variable Value= SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.AL32UTF8。这样NLS_LANG字符集为UTF8,这个NLS_LANG优先序高于注册表中的NLS。注意:环境变量设在系统变量中(System Vairables),而不是用户变量(User Vairables)。
c) 在应用程序运行的Process Session中设定: 在程序运行之前,先通过set NLS_LANG=进程Session的字符集。例如:Echo %nls_lang%,在这个session中,已经设定NLS_LANG字符集为ZHS16GBK。同样,你也可以新开一个CMD窗口,设定另一种NLS_LANG字符集。这种在session中设定NLS_LANG的优先序高于系统环境变量NLS_LANG。
查看数据库信息
1、查询oracle中所有用户信息 select * from dba_users; 2、只查询用户和密码 select username,password from dba_users; 3、查询当前用户信息 select * from dba_ustats; 4、查询用户可以访问的视图文本 select * from dba_varrays; 5、查看用户或角色所拥有的角色 select * from dba_role_privs; select * from user_role_privs; 6、查看用户或角色系统权限(直接赋值给用户或角色的系统权限) select * from dba_sys_privs; select * from user_sys_privs; (查看当前用户所拥有的权限)
修改用户名 (详见链接页面)
sqlplus / as sysdba sqlplus /nolog conn test/test@172.0.0.1:1521/orcl select * from sys.user$; UPDATE USER$ SET NAME='新用户名' WHERE USER#=38; COMMIT; ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH SHARED_POOL; ALTER USER 新用户名 IDENTIFIED BY 新密码; CONN 新用户/新密码@lmisdx_local;
oracle 建新用户
sqlplus/ as sysdba
-- create new user CREATE USER test IDENTIFIED BY t123; -- grant priviledges GRANT CONNECT, RESOURCE, DBA TO test; --alter password alter user test identified by t123; --oracle对表空间 USERS 无权限 alter user 用户名 quota unlimited on users; --删除用户 drop user 用户名 cascade; ---cascade 级联 --授予权限 -- 分配用户 Sam 创建表,创建序列,创建存储过程和创建视图的权限 grant create table,create sequence,create view,create procedure, update to test --去除用户权限 -- 去除用户 Sam 创建视图的权限 revoke create view from test;
建表
CREATE TABLE order_items ( order_id NUMBER( 12, 0 ) , -- fk item_id NUMBER( 12, 0 ) , product_id NUMBER( 12, 0 ) NOT NULL , -- fk quantity NUMBER( 8, 2 ) NOT NULL , unit_price NUMBER( 8, 2 ) NOT NULL , CONSTRAINT pk_order_items PRIMARY KEY( order_id, item_id ), CONSTRAINT fk_order_items_products FOREIGN KEY( product_id ) REFERENCES products( product_id ) ON DELETE CASCADE, CONSTRAINT fk_order_items_orders FOREIGN KEY( order_id ) REFERENCES orders( order_id ) ON DELETE CASCADE );
插入数据:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Name : OT (Oracle Tutorial) Sample Database -- Link : http://www.oracletutorial.com/oracle-sample-database/ -- Version : 1.0 -- Last Updated: July-28-2017 -- Copyright : Copyright ?2017 by www.oracletutorial.com. All Rights Reserved. -- Notice : Use this sample database for the educational purpose only. -- Credit the site oracletutorial.com explitly in your materials that -- use this sample database. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- disable FK constraints ALTER TABLE order_items DISABLE CONSTRAINT fk_order_items_products; ALTER TABLE order_items DISABLE CONSTRAINT fk_order_items_orders; -------------------------------------------------------- -- OT -------------------------------------------------------- REM INSERTING into OT.ORDER_ITEMS SET DEFINE OFF; Insert into OT.ORDER_ITEMS (ORDER_ID,ITEM_ID,PRODUCT_ID,QUANTITY,UNIT_PRICE) values (70,7,32,132,469.99); Insert into OT.ORDER_ITEMS (ORDER_ID,ITEM_ID,PRODUCT_ID,QUANTITY,UNIT_PRICE) values (73,5,192,124,519.99); -- enable FK constraints ALTER TABLE order_items ENABLE CONSTRAINT fk_order_items_products; ALTER TABLE order_items ENABLE CONSTRAINT fk_order_items_orders;
一、标准update语法(常用、速度可能最慢) -- 当更新的表示单个或者被更新的字段不需要关联表带过来,此法是最好的选择。 update a set a.c2= (select b.c2from b where a.c1=b.c1) where exists (select 1 from b where a.c1=b.c1) 二、内联视图更新(关联主键字段,速度较快) -- inline view更新法就是更新一个临时建立的视图。 -- 方案:更新一个临时建立的视图。要求B表的主键字段必须在where条件中,并且是以=号来关联被更新表。 update (select a.c2 as ac2,b.c2 as bc2 from a, b where a.c1=b.c1 and a.c3=’2011’) as M set ac2=bc2 三、merge更新法 (关联字段非主键时,速度较快) merge是oracle特有的语句,语法如下: MERGE INTO table_name alias1 --主表,即需要被修改的表 USING (table | view | sub_query) alias2 --从表,即来源表 ON (join condition) --连接条件 WHEN MATCHED THEN --在匹配的记录中进行 UPDATE table_name SET col1 = col_val1, col2 = col2_val --更改主表信息 WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN --在不匹配的情况下,筛选从表记录插入到主表【可选】 INSERT (column_list) VALUES (column_values); merge into a using b on (a.c1=b.c1 and a.c3=’2011’) when matched then update a.c2=b.c2 四、快速游标更新法(复杂逻辑时,效率很高) begin for cur in (select a.rowid ,b.c2 from a, b where a.c1=b.c1 and a.c3=’2011’ ) loop UPDATE a set c2=cur.c2 where rowid=cur.rowid; end loop; end;
删表
# 删表 DROP TABLE ot.order_items; # 删行 delete from 表名 where 条件
基本操作
constraint ca_pk primary key() constraint c2 foreign key () references b() select a,b, row_number() over(partition by a order by b) as c from aaa group by a select a,b,rownum as id from aaa update AAA set B=B*0.1; commit; update aaa set b=rownum where a='x'; commit; update a set (x,y)=(select x,f from a,b where a.id=b.id) where exists(select 1 from a,b where a.id=b.id) merge into a using b on when matched then update b set when not matched then insert () values() insert into aaa(a,b) values( 'z', 1); commit; insert into aaa(a,b) ( select a, (select avg(b) from aaa) from aaa where a <> 'x' ); commit;
经典例题
-- 查找与001号同学所学课程完全相同的其他同学的学号和姓名 select t4.sid, t4.name from ( select sid, count(1) c1 from course t where c1.sid <> '001' group by c1.sid ) t1, ( select sid, count(1) as c2 from course t where cid in (select cid from course where sid='001') group by sid ) t2, ( select count(1) c3 from course t where sid='001' ) t3, ( select sid, name from student t ) t4 where t1.sid = t2.sid and t1.c1 = t2.c2 and t1.c1 = t3.c3 and t1.sid = t4.sid
参考资料:
ORACLE 中的union(去重并集),union all(不去重并集),intersect(交集),minus(减集)