Spring Security3学习实例

Spring Security是什么?

Spring Security，这是一种基于Spring AOP和Servlet过滤器的安全框架。它提供全面的安全性解决方案，同时在Web请求级和方法调用级处理身份确认和授权。在Spring Framework基础上，Spring Security充分利用了依赖注入（DI，Dependency Injection）和面向切面技术。

下面开始通过一个简单实例来理解security是如何控制权限的

注：

实例中将同过Spring Security3框架实现成功登陆的人都能访问到main/common. 
但只有拥有admin权限的用户才能访问main/admin. 

比实列使用maven工具

新建一个maven-web工程（新建步骤maven搭建maven web工程）

maven的pom.xml导入的包

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.sys</groupId>
    <artifactId>SpringSecurity3</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>SpringSecurity3 Maven Webapp</name>
    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.8.1</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.5.RELEASE</version>
            <type>jar</type>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.5.RELEASE</version>
            <type>jar</type>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.5.RELEASE</version>
            <type>jar</type>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-security-taglibs</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.5.RELEASE</version>
            <type>jar</type>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
            <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.2</version>
            <type>jar</type>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>jstl</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.2</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.16</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <finalName>SpringSecurity3</finalName>
    </build>
</project>

包结构图

首先提供一个controller来对外提供一个控制访问层

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;  
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;  
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;  
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;  
  
@Controller  
@RequestMapping("/main")  
public class MainController {  
    protected static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("controller");  
  
    /** 
     * 跳转到commonpage页面 
     *  
     * @return 
     */  
    @RequestMapping(value = "/common", method = RequestMethod.GET)  
    public String getCommonPage() {  
        logger.debug("Received request to show common page");  
        return "commonpage";  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * 跳转到adminpage页面 
     *  
     * @return 
     */  
    @RequestMapping(value = "/admin", method = RequestMethod.GET)  
    public String getAadminPage() {  
        logger.debug("Received request to show admin page");  
        return "adminpage";  
  
    }  

次controller中对外提供两个访问地址

main/common 
main/admin

跟上我们的要求，拥有权限的人可以访问admin，其他普通用户只能访问common

接下来开启控制

在web.xml中开启Spring3MVC和SpringSecurity3.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.4"
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee   
    http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">

    <!-- SpringSecurity必须的filter -->
    <!-- 注意一点.最好是将DelegatingFilterProxy写在DispatcherServlet之前.否则SpringSecurity可能不会正常工作.  -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <!-- 过滤所有url都要安全处理 ，表示项目中所有路径的资源都要经过SpringSecurity.  -->
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    <!-- 指定的SpringSecurity配置 :spring-security.xml  -->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>
            /WEB-INF/spring-security.xml
            /WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml
        </param-value>
    </context-param>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
　　　　　　<init-param>
　　　　　　　　<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
　　　　　　　　<param-value>WEB-INF/spring-servle.xml</param-value>
　　　　　　</init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

</web-app>  

配置spring的文件

spring-servle.xml：配置声明一个视图解析器.在控制器中会根据JSP名映射到/ WEB-INF/jsp中相应的位置.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans   
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">  
  
    <!-- 定义一个视图解析器 -->  
    <bean id="viewResolver"  
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"  
        p:prefix="/WEB-INF/jsp/" p:suffix=".jsp" />  
  
</beans> 

applicationContext.xml：spring的注入机制等

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"   
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans   
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd  
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd  
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc   
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">  
  
    <!-- 激活spring的注解. -->  
    <context:annotation-config />  
  
    <!-- 扫描注解组件并且自动的注入spring beans中.   
    例如,他会扫描@Controller 和@Service下的文件.所以确保此base-package设置正确. -->  
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.*"/>  
  
    <!-- 配置注解驱动的Spring MVC Controller 的编程模型.注:次标签只在 Servlet MVC工作! -->  
    <mvc:annotation-driven />  
  
</beans>  

接着是创建JSP页面

commonpage.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"  
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>  
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">  
<html>  
<head>  
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">  
<title>Insert title here</title>  
</head>  
<body>  
    <h1>Common Page</h1>  
    <p>每个人都能访问的页面.</p>  
    <a href="/SpringSecurity3/main/admin"> Go AdminPage </a>  
    <br />  
    <a href="/SpringSecurity3/auth/login">退出登录</a>  
  
</body>  
</html> 

adminpage.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"  
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>  
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">  
<html>  
<head>  
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">  
<title>Insert title here</title>  
</head>  
<body>  
    <h1>Admin Page</h1>  
    <p>管理员页面</p>  
    <a href="/SpringSecurity3/auth/login">退出登录</a>  
</body>  
</html>  

loginpage.jsp

<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" prefix="form"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags" prefix="spring"%>

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>

    <h1>Login</h1>

    <div id="login-error">${error}</div>

    <form action="../j_spring_security_check" method="post">

        <p>
            <label for="j_username">Username</label> <input id="j_username"
                name="j_username" type="text" />
        </p>

        <p>
            <label for="j_password">Password</label> <input id="j_password"
                name="j_password" type="password" />
        </p>

        <input type="submit" value="Login" />

    </form>

</body>
</html>

deniedpage.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>你的权限不够!</h1>
    <p>只有拥有Admin权限才能访问!</p>
    <a href="/spring3-security-integration/auth/login">退出登录</a>
</body>
</html>

还有一个controller用于映射上面两个JSP页面..

package org.liukai.tutorial.controller;  
  
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;  
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;  
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;  
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;  
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;  
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;  
  
@Controller  
@RequestMapping("auth")  
public class LoginLogoutController {  
  
    protected static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("controller");  
  
    /** 
     * 指向登录页面 
     */  
    @RequestMapping(value = "/login", method = RequestMethod.GET)  
    public String getLoginPage(  
            @RequestParam(value = "error", required = false) boolean error,  
            ModelMap model) {  
  
        logger.debug("Received request to show login page");  
  
        if (error == true) {  
            // Assign an error message  
            model.put("error",  
                    "You have entered an invalid username or password!");  
        } else {  
            model.put("error", "");  
        }  
        return "loginpage";  
  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * 指定无访问额权限页面 
     *  
     * @return 
     */  
    @RequestMapping(value = "/denied", method = RequestMethod.GET)  
    public String getDeniedPage() {  
  
        logger.debug("Received request to show denied page");  
  
        return "deniedpage";  
  
    }  
}  

该controller实现了两个映射

auth/login     --显示Login页面 
auth/denied    --显示拒绝访问页面

spring-security.xml的配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xmlns:security="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/security 
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security-3.0.xsd">
    
    <!--  Spring-Security 的配置 -->
    <!-- 注意开启use-expressions.表示开启表达式.     -->
    <security:http auto-config="true" use-expressions="true" access-denied-page="/auth/denied" >
        
        <security:intercept-url pattern="/auth/login" access="permitAll"/>
        <security:intercept-url pattern="/main/admin" access="hasRole('ROLE_ADMIN')"/>
        <security:intercept-url pattern="/main/common" access="hasRole('ROLE_USER')"/>
        
        <security:form-login
                login-page="/auth/login" 
                authentication-failure-url="/auth/login?error=true" 
                default-target-url="/main/common"/>
            
        <security:logout 
                invalidate-session="true" 
                logout-success-url="/auth/login" 
                logout-url="/auth/logout"/>
    
    </security:http>
    
    <!-- 指定一个自定义的authentication-manager :customUserDetailsService -->
    <security:authentication-manager>
            <security:authentication-provider user-service-ref="customUserDetailsService">
                    <security:password-encoder ref="passwordEncoder"/>
            </security:authentication-provider>
    </security:authentication-manager>
    
    <!-- 对密码进行MD5编码 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.security.authentication.encoding.Md5PasswordEncoder" id="passwordEncoder"/>

    <!-- 
        通过 customUserDetailsService,Spring会自动的用户的访问级别.
        也可以理解成:以后我们和数据库操作就是通过customUserDetailsService来进行关联.
     -->
    <bean id="customUserDetailsService" class="org.liukai.tutorial.service.CustomUserDetailsService"/>
    
</beans>

在配置中可以看到三个URL对应的三个权限

<security:intercept-url pattern="/auth/login" access="permitAll"/>
<security:intercept-url pattern="/main/admin" access="hasRole('ROLE_ADMIN')"/>
<security:intercept-url pattern="/main/common" access="hasRole('ROLE_USER')"/>

需要注意的是这里可以使用了SpringEL表达式来指定角色的访问.

以下是表达式对应的用法

表达式     说明 
hasRole([role])     返回 true 如果当前主体拥有特定角色。 
hasAnyRole([role1,role2])     返回 true 如果当前主体拥有任何一个提供的角色 （使用逗号分隔的字符串队列） 
principal     允许直接访问主体对象，表示当前用户 
authentication     允许直接访问当前 Authentication对象 从SecurityContext中获得 
permitAll     一直返回true 
denyAll     一直返回false 
isAnonymous()     如果用户是一个匿名登录的用户 就会返回 true 
isRememberMe()     如果用户是通过remember-me 登录的用户 就会返回 true 
isAuthenticated()     如果用户不是匿名用户就会返回true 
isFullyAuthenticated()     如果用户不是通过匿名也不是通过remember-me登录的用户时， 就会返回true。 

所以

<security:intercept-url pattern="/auth/login" access="permitAll"/>  

表示所有的人都可以访问/auth/login.

<security:intercept-url pattern="/main/admin" access="hasRole('ROLE_ADMIN')"/>  
<security:intercept-url pattern="/main/common" access="hasRole('ROLE_USER')"/> 

则表示只有拥有对应的角色才能访问.

<security:form-login  login-page="/auth/login"   
        authentication-failure-url="/auth/login?error=true"   
        default-target-url="/main/common"/>  

表示通过 /auth/login这个映射进行登录. 
如果验证失败则返回一个URL:/auth/login?error=true 
如果登录成功则默认指向:/main/common

<security:logout   
                invalidate-session="true"   
                logout-success-url="/auth/login"   
                logout-url="/auth/logout"/>  

很简单.我们开启了session失效功能. 
注销URL为:/auth/logout 
注销成功后转向:/auth/login

<!-- 指定一个自定义的authentication-manager :customUserDetailsService -->
    <security:authentication-manager>
            <security:authentication-provider user-service-ref="customUserDetailsService">
                    <security:password-encoder ref="passwordEncoder"/>
            </security:authentication-provider>
    </security:authentication-manager>
    
    <!-- 对密码进行MD5编码 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.security.authentication.encoding.Md5PasswordEncoder" id="passwordEncoder"/>

    <!-- 
        通过 customUserDetailsService,Spring会自动的用户的访问级别.
        也可以理解成:以后我们和数据库操作就是通过customUserDetailsService来进行关联.
     -->
    <bean id="customUserDetailsService" class="org.liukai.tutorial.service.CustomUserDetailsService"/>

一个自定义的CustomUserDetailsService,是实现SpringSecurity的UserDetailsService接口,但我们重写了他即便于我们进行数据库操作.

DbUser.java

package org.liukai.tutorial.domain;

public class DbUser {

    private String username;
    private String password;
    private Integer access;

     //getter/setter

}

通过一个初始化的List来模拟数据库操作. 

UserDao.java

package org.liukai.tutorial.dao;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.liukai.tutorial.domain.DbUser;

public class UserDao {

    protected static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("dao");

    public DbUser getDatabase(String username) {

        List<DbUser> users = internalDatabase();

        for (DbUser dbUser : users) {
            if (dbUser.getUsername().equals(username) == true) {
                logger.debug("User found");
                return dbUser;
            }
        }
        logger.error("User does not exist!");
        throw new RuntimeException("User does not exist!");

    }

    /**
     * 初始化数据
     */
    private List<DbUser> internalDatabase() {

        List<DbUser> users = new ArrayList<DbUser>();
        DbUser user = null;

        user = new DbUser();
        user.setUsername("admin");

        // "admin"经过MD5加密后
        user.setPassword("21232f297a57a5a743894a0e4a801fc3");
        user.setAccess(1);

        users.add(user);

        user = new DbUser();
        user.setUsername("user");

        // "user"经过MD5加密后
        user.setPassword("ee11cbb19052e40b07aac0ca060c23ee");
        user.setAccess(2);

        users.add(user);

        return users;

    }
}

自定义UserDetailsService .可以通过继承UserDetailsService 
来达到灵活的自定义UserDetailsService

CustomUserDetailsService.java

 package org.liukai.tutorial.service;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.liukai.tutorial.dao.UserDao;
import org.liukai.tutorial.domain.DbUser;
import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.GrantedAuthorityImpl;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;

/**
 * 一个自定义的service用来和数据库进行操作. 即以后我们要通过数据库保存权限.则需要我们继承UserDetailsService
 * 
 * @author liukai
 * 
 */
public class CustomUserDetailsService implements UserDetailsService {

    protected static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("service");

    private UserDao userDAO = new UserDao();

    public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username)
            throws UsernameNotFoundException, DataAccessException {

        UserDetails user = null;

        try {

            // 搜索数据库以匹配用户登录名.
            // 我们可以通过dao使用JDBC来访问数据库
            DbUser dbUser = userDAO.getDatabase(username);

            // Populate the Spring User object with details from the dbUser
            // Here we just pass the username, password, and access level
            // getAuthorities() will translate the access level to the correct
            // role type

            user = new User(dbUser.getUsername(), dbUser.getPassword()
                    .toLowerCase(), true, true, true, true,
                    getAuthorities(dbUser.getAccess()));

        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.error("Error in retrieving user");
            throw new UsernameNotFoundException("Error in retrieving user");
        }

        return user;
    }

    /**
     * 获得访问角色权限
     * 
     * @param access
     * @return
     */
    public Collection<GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities(Integer access) {

        List<GrantedAuthority> authList = new ArrayList<GrantedAuthority>(2);

        // 所有的用户默认拥有ROLE_USER权限
        logger.debug("Grant ROLE_USER to this user");
        authList.add(new GrantedAuthorityImpl("ROLE_USER"));

        // 如果参数access为1.则拥有ROLE_ADMIN权限
        if (access.compareTo(1) == 0) {
            logger.debug("Grant ROLE_ADMIN to this user");
            authList.add(new GrantedAuthorityImpl("ROLE_ADMIN"));
        }

        return authList;
    }
}

http://localhost:8080/SpringSecurity3/auth/login

本文参考来自这里