部署Prometheus+Grafana监控

Prometheus

1、不是很友好,各种配置都手写

2、对docker和k8s监控有成熟解决方案

Prometheus(普罗米修斯)

是一个最初在SoudCloud上构建的监控系统,开源项目,拥有非常活跃的开发人员和用户社区,2016年加入云原生云计算基金会(CNCF)成为继kubernetes之后的第二个托管项目

https://Prometheus.io

https://github.com./Prometheus

Prometheus 特点

l  多维数据模型:由度量名称和键值对标识的时间序列数据

l  PromSQL:一种灵活的查询语言,可以利用多维数据完成复杂查询

l  不依赖分布式存储,当服务器节点可以直接工作

l  基于HTTP的pull方式进行采集时间序列数据

l  推送时间序列数据通过pushgateway组件支持

l  通过服务发现或静态配置发现目标

l  多种如下模式仪表盘执行(grafana)

功能简介

Prometheus Server:收集指标和存储时间序列数据,并提供查询接口

ClientLibrary:客户端库

Push Gateway:短期存储指标数据,主要用于临时性任务

Exporters:采集已有的第三方服务监控指标并暴露metrics

Alertmanager:告警

Web UI:简单的Wbe控制台

Prometheus概述

概念:

l  实例:可以抓取的目标称为实例(Instances)

l  作业:具有相同目标的实例集合称为作业(Job)

机器规划

CentOS 7.X

192.168.10.110

安装docker

安装promethues

CentOS 7.X

192.168.10.113

安装docker

安装cAdvisor

基础优化

1、时间同步
echo "#time sync by fage at 2020-7-22" >>/var/spool/cron/root && echo "*/5 * * * *  /usr/sbin/ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com >/dev/null 2>&1" >>/var/spool/cron/root && systemctl restart crond.service

2、关闭防火墙和selinux
systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld && setenforce 0 && sed -i s#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disable#g /etc/selinux/config

3、安装基础软件
yum install -y lrzsz nmap tcpdump screen tree dos2unix nc iproute net-tools unzip wget vim bash-completion.noarch telnet ntp ntpdate lsof curl

4、更换国内原
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

5、安装docker

yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
yum makecache fast
yum install -y docker-ce-19.03.12
mkdir -p /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable docker
systemctl start docker && systemctl status docker
docker info

使用docker部署,首先对系统有一定要求,必须是centos7.x以上版本,安装好docker

prometheus.yml文件内容

# my global config
global:
  scrape_interval:     15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
  evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
  # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).

  # Attach these labels to any time series or alerts when communicating with
  # external systems (federation, remote storage, Alertmanager).
  external_labels:
      monitor: 'codelab-monitor'

# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
rule_files:
  # - "first.rules"
  # - "second.rules"

# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it's Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:
  # The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
  - job_name: 'prometheus'

    # metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
    # scheme defaults to 'http'.

    static_configs:
      - targets: ['localhost:9090']
  - job_name: "docker"
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['192.168.10.190:8080']
  - job_name: "Linux"
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['192.168.10.190:9100'] 

docker部署

参考地址:https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/installation/

docker run -d 
    -p 9090:9090 
    --name prometheus 
    -v /tmp/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml 
    prom/prometheus

Prometheus+Grafana监控Docker 主机

cAdvisor(Container Advisor)用于手机正在运行的容器资源使用和性能信息

Grafana 是一个开源的度量分析和可视化系统

模板获取地址:https://grafana.com/grafana/download

运行容器,如果没有这个镜像会去docker官方去拉取

docker run -d -p 80:80 --name nginx nginx

 

 

监控指标:

内存、CPU、内存、网络、业务状态

 

查看docker容器运行状态(动态)

docker stats nginx

查看docker容器运行状态(静态)

docker stats --no-stream nginx

Docker部署cAdvisor

获取状态通过挂载目录去获取

参考地址:https://github.com/google/cadvisor

docker run -d 
  --volume=/:/rootfs:ro 
  --volume=/var/run:/var/run:ro 
  --volume=/sys:/sys:ro 
  --volume=/var/lib/docker/:/var/lib/docker:ro 
  --volume=/dev/disk/:/dev/disk:ro 
  --publish=8080:8080 
  --detach=true 
  --name=cadvisor 
  --privileged 
  --device=/dev/kmsg 
  google/cadvisor:v0.33.0

 

 

需要注意的是,cAdvisor没有存储数据的机制,所以需要采集到Prometheus上去存储

图上的容器指标也可以通过地址查看到:http://192.168.10.113:8080/metrics

里面的数据模型都是一个指标内容,解析出来了才能放入到promethues的实时数据库里面

 

修改promethues配置文件,让promethues采集被监控的数据

cat /tmp/prometheus.yml

global:
  scrape_interval: 15s
  evaluation_interval: 15s
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
  - static_configs:
    - targets:

rule_files:

scrape_configs:
  - job_name: 'prometheus'
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['localhost:9090']
  - job_name: "docker"
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['192.168.10.113:8080']

重启容器

docker ps -a | grep prometheus

docker restart prometheus

使用grafana去展示数据

Docker部署Grafana

docker run -d 
  --name=grafana 
  -p 3000:3000 
  grafana/grafana 

首选打开地址和端口后输入账号和密码,默认账号:admin 密码admin

进去就会出现导航,添加数据源,新建仪表盘,用户和扩展插件

仪表盘获取地址:https://grafana.com/grafana/download

监控docker主机

下载地址:https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/

执行这个脚本即可安装import

cat node_exporter.sh

#!/bin/bash

wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v0.17.0/node_exporter-0.17.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar xf node_exporter-0.17.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv node_exporter-0.17.0.linux-amd64 /usr/local/node_exporter
cat <<EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/node_exporter.service
[Unit]
Description=https://prometheus.io
[Service]
Restart=on-failure
ExecStart=/usr/local/node_exporter/node_exporter --collector.systemd --collector.systemd.unit-whitelist=(docker|kubelet|kube-proxy|flanneld).service

[Install]
WantedBy=mulit-user.target
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable node_exporter.service
systemctl start node_exporter.service
bash node_exporter.sh

检查端口和服务是否正常,默认使用9100端口

systemctl status node_exporter.service
ps -ef | grep node_exporter
netstat -ntpul|grep 9100

 

重新修改prometheus配置文件,添加监控项目

cat /tmp/prometheus.yml

global:
  scrape_interval:     15s 
  evaluation_interval: 15s 
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
  - static_configs:
    - targets:
rule_files:

scrape_configs:
  - job_name: 'prometheus'
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['localhost:9090']
  - job_name: "docker"
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['192.168.10.113:8080']
  - job_name: "Linux"
    static_configs:
    - targets: ['192.168.10.113:9100']

重启服务

docker ps | grep prometheus
docker restart prometheus

导入Linux模板,模板ID为:9276

如果不出图:

1、网卡不出流量,可能是网卡名配置问题以前的eth0,现在可能是ens33等等
2、时间不对也会不出图
3、promql语句不正确,如网络没有数据:node_network_receive_bytes_total ,把这个语句拿到promtheus网页进行测试是否能获取到数据
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/huanglingfa/p/13764738.html