1.颜色表示。 RGB数据可以用两种不同的结构来保存。
1.1D3DCOLOR，他实际与DWORD类型相同。32位，D3DCOLOR中的每一项占居一位。每位取值[0,255]。
用宏D3DCOLOR_ARGB和宏D3DCOLOR_XRGB来表示。
1.2D3DCOLORVALUE，在该结构中我们用单精度浮点数来表示每个颜色分量的亮度值。取值范围0~1。我们可以用D3DXCOLOR来替代D3DCOLORVALUE。
2.顶点颜色。 图元的颜色由构成改图元的顶点颜色来决定。相关标识D3DFVF_DIFFUSE.
3.着色。有两种着色模式：平面着色和高洛德着色。
Device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_SHADEMODE, D3DSHADE_FLAT); //平面着色
Device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_SHADEMODE, D3DSHADE_GOURAUD);//高洛德着色
#ifndef __d3dUtilityH__ #define __d3dUtilityH__ #include <d3dx9.h> #include <string> namespace d3d { bool InitD3D( HINSTANCE hInstance, // [in] Application instance. int width, int height, // [in] Backbuffer dimensions. bool windowed, // [in] Windowed (true)or full screen (false). D3DDEVTYPE deviceType, // [in] HAL or REF IDirect3DDevice9** device);// [out]The created device. int EnterMsgLoop( bool (*ptr_display)(float timeDelta)); LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam); template<class T> void Release(T t) { if( t ) { t->Release(); t = 0; } } template<class T> void Delete(T t) { if( t ) { delete t; t = 0; } } const D3DXCOLOR WHITE( D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 255, 255) ); const D3DXCOLOR BLACK( D3DCOLOR_XRGB( 0, 0, 0) ); const D3DXCOLOR RED( D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 0, 0) ); const D3DXCOLOR GREEN( D3DCOLOR_XRGB( 0, 255, 0) ); const D3DXCOLOR BLUE( D3DCOLOR_XRGB( 0, 0, 255) ); const D3DXCOLOR YELLOW( D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 255, 0) ); const D3DXCOLOR CYAN( D3DCOLOR_XRGB( 0, 255, 255) ); const D3DXCOLOR MAGENTA( D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255, 0, 255) ); } #endif // __d3dUtilityH__
#include "d3dUtility.h" bool d3d::InitD3D( HINSTANCE hInstance, int width, int height, bool windowed, D3DDEVTYPE deviceType, IDirect3DDevice9** device) { WNDCLASS wc; wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; wc.lpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC)d3d::WndProc; wc.cbClsExtra = 0; wc.cbWndExtra = 0; wc.hInstance = hInstance; wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(0, IDI_APPLICATION); wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(0, IDC_ARROW); wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH); wc.lpszMenuName = 0; wc.lpszClassName = "Direct3D9App"; if( !RegisterClass(&wc) ) { ::MessageBox(0, "RegisterClass() - FAILED", 0, 0); return false; } HWND hwnd = 0; hwnd = ::CreateWindow("Direct3D9App", "Direct3D9App", WS_EX_TOPMOST, 0, 0, width, height, 0 /*parent hwnd*/, 0 /* menu */, hInstance, 0 /*extra*/); if( !hwnd ) { ::MessageBox(0, "CreateWindow() - FAILED", 0, 0); return false; } ::ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_SHOW); ::UpdateWindow(hwnd); // // Init D3D: // HRESULT hr = 0; // Step 1: Create the IDirect3D9 object. IDirect3D9* d3d9 = 0; d3d9 = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION); if( !d3d9 ) { ::MessageBox(0, "Direct3DCreate9() - FAILED", 0, 0); return false; } // Step 2: Check for hardware vp. D3DCAPS9 caps; d3d9->GetDeviceCaps(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, deviceType, &caps); int vp = 0; if( caps.DevCaps & D3DDEVCAPS_HWTRANSFORMANDLIGHT ) vp = D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING; else vp = D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING; // Step 3: Fill out the D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS structure. D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp; d3dpp.BackBufferWidth = width; d3dpp.BackBufferHeight = height; d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8; d3dpp.BackBufferCount = 1; d3dpp.MultiSampleType = D3DMULTISAMPLE_NONE; d3dpp.MultiSampleQuality = 0; d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD; d3dpp.hDeviceWindow = hwnd; d3dpp.Windowed = windowed; d3dpp.EnableAutoDepthStencil = true; d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D24S8; d3dpp.Flags = 0; d3dpp.FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz = D3DPRESENT_RATE_DEFAULT; d3dpp.PresentationInterval = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_IMMEDIATE; // Step 4: Create the device. hr = d3d9->CreateDevice( D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, // primary adapter deviceType, // device type hwnd, // window associated with device vp, // vertex processing &d3dpp, // present parameters device); // return created device if( FAILED(hr) ) { // try again using a 16-bit depth buffer d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D16; hr = d3d9->CreateDevice( D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, deviceType, hwnd, vp, &d3dpp, device); if( FAILED(hr) ) { d3d9->Release(); // done with d3d9 object ::MessageBox(0, "CreateDevice() - FAILED", 0, 0); return false; } } d3d9->Release(); // done with d3d9 object return true; } int d3d::EnterMsgLoop( bool (*ptr_display)(float timeDelta) ) { MSG msg; ::ZeroMemory(&msg, sizeof(MSG)); static float lastTime = (float)timeGetTime(); while(msg.message != WM_QUIT) { if(::PeekMessage(&msg, 0, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE)) { ::TranslateMessage(&msg); ::DispatchMessage(&msg); } else { float currTime = (float)timeGetTime(); float timeDelta = (currTime - lastTime)*0.001f; ptr_display(timeDelta); lastTime = currTime; } } return msg.wParam; }
#include "d3dUtility.h" IDirect3DDevice9* Device = 0; const int Width = 640; const int Height = 480; IDirect3DVertexBuffer9* Triangle = 0; D3DXMATRIX WorldMatrix; struct Vertex { Vertex(){} Vertex(float x, float y, float z,D3DCOLOR c) { _x = x; _y = y; _z = z; _c=c; } float _x, _y, _z; D3DCOLOR _c; static const DWORD FVF; }; const DWORD Vertex::FVF = D3DFVF_XYZ | D3DFVF_DIFFUSE; // // Framework Functions // bool Setup() { Device->CreateVertexBuffer( 3 * sizeof(Vertex), // size in bytes D3DUSAGE_WRITEONLY, // flags Vertex::FVF, // vertex format D3DPOOL_MANAGED, // managed memory pool &Triangle, // return create vertex buffer 0); // not used - set to 0 Vertex* vertices; Triangle->Lock(0, 0, (void**)&vertices, 0); vertices[0] = Vertex(-1.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f,d3d::RED); vertices[1] = Vertex( 0.0f, 1.0f, 2.0f,d3d::BLUE); vertices[2] = Vertex( 1.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f,d3d::CYAN); Triangle->Unlock(); D3DXMATRIX proj; D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH( &proj, // result D3DX_PI * 0.5f, // 90 - degrees (float)Width / (float)Height, // aspect ratio 1.0f, // near plane 1000.0f); // far plane Device->SetTransform(D3DTS_PROJECTION, &proj); Device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_LIGHTING, false);//如果没有这个，会是两个黑块三角形 return true; } void Cleanup() { d3d::Release<IDirect3DVertexBuffer9*>(Triangle); } bool Display(float timeDelta) { if( Device ) { Device->Clear(0, 0, D3DCLEAR_TARGET | D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER, 0xffffffff, 1.0f, 0); Device->BeginScene(); Device->SetStreamSource(0, Triangle, 0, sizeof(Vertex)); Device->SetFVF(Vertex::FVF); // Draw one triangle. D3DXMatrixTranslation(&WorldMatrix, -1.25f, 0.0f, 0.0f); Device->SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD, &WorldMatrix); Device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_SHADEMODE, D3DSHADE_FLAT); //平面着色 Device->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 1); D3DXMatrixTranslation(&WorldMatrix, 1.25f, 0.0f, 0.0f); Device->SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD, &WorldMatrix); Device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_SHADEMODE, D3DSHADE_GOURAUD);//高洛德着色 Device->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 1); Device->EndScene(); Device->Present(0, 0, 0, 0); } return true; } // // WndProc // LRESULT CALLBACK d3d::WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch( msg ) { case WM_DESTROY: ::PostQuitMessage(0); break; case WM_KEYDOWN: if( wParam == VK_ESCAPE ) ::DestroyWindow(hwnd); break; } return ::DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam); } // // WinMain // int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hinstance, HINSTANCE prevInstance, PSTR cmdLine, int showCmd) { if(!d3d::InitD3D(hinstance, Width, Height, true, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, &Device)) { ::MessageBox(0, "InitD3D() - FAILED", 0, 0); return 0; } if(!Setup()) { ::MessageBox(0, "Setup() - FAILED", 0, 0); return 0; } d3d::EnterMsgLoop( Display ); Cleanup(); Device->Release(); return 0; }