【托福备考经 ● 二. 托福阅读技巧 ● 2.2.1 词: 词汇题】

<<托福备考经验>>

关注 "AI菌" 微信公众号, 回复"托福备考经验",获取PDF版下载链接

2.2.1 词: 词汇题

1) 词汇题简介

词汇题（Vocabulary Questions）就是对阅读文章中某个词汇或者短语的考察。通常情况下，被考到的单词或短语对于理解文章一个大的或重要的部分起到至关重要的作用。被直接考察的词一般不带有学科属性。

2) 词汇题解题技巧

对于认识的词，解题技巧：

结合文章直接选出答案

对于不认识的词，解题技巧：

词根词缀法 + 对比/转折 + 文中提示（体会感情色彩或程度）+ 句子逻辑法

3) 解题技巧详细说明和例子

(1) 直接选答案

【技巧1】

认识的单词，结合文章直接选出答案

【例子1】

【题目】1.The word "intensive" in the passage is closest in meaning

A. Periodic B. various C. strong D. promising

【解析】intensive 表示加强的，意识相近的只有strong, 选C。

(2) 词根词缀法

【技巧2】

词根词缀法：根据一些核心词，词根和词缀，猜测单词意思

【例子2】

【题目】The word "multitudinous" in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. a great many B. rapidly increasing

C. finely divided D. extremely strong

【解析】multi 词根表示多，不要想太多，直接选A, a great many 表示很多。

(3) 对比/转折

【技巧3】	对比/转折：考察的单词出现在文章中有转折或对比的地方，转折或对比的地方，前后意思一般相反
【例子3】	【原文】Kettlewell hypothesized that the normal pale forms are difficult to see when resting on lichen-covered trees, whereas dark forms are conspicuous.
	【题目】10. The word "conspicuous" in the passage is closest in meaning to A. easily eaten B. clearly visible C. poorly adapted D. rarely present
	【解析】前面说很难看见，然后来个转折whereas，那么 conspicuous的意思就是与难看见相反的，是 clearly visible, 选B。

(4) 文中提示(体会感情色彩、程度)

【技巧4】	文中提示(体会感情色彩、程度)：根据文中体会感情色彩、程度等来猜测单词意思
【例子4】	【原文】Chondrules and inclusions in Allende are held together by the chondrite matrix, a mixture of fine-grained, mostly silicate minerals that also includes grains of iron metal and iron sulfide. At one time it was thought that these matrix grains might be pristine nebular dust, the sort of stuff from which chondrules and inclusions were made. However, detailed studies of the chondrite matrix suggest that much of it, too, has been formed by condensation or melting in the nebula, although minute amounts of surviving interstellar dust are mixed with the processed materials..
	【题目】The word "pristine" in the passage is closest in meaning to A. pure B. solid B. ordinary D. tapped
	【解析】 at one time,曾经认为，潜台词是现在不是这了。且后文出现了转折however和are mixed with ,后面是混合mixed，那前面就是纯净的pure。选A。

(5) 句子逻辑法

【技巧5】	句子逻辑法：看文章逻辑结构，判断是因果、条件或其他关系
【例子5】	【原文】The individual raising the alarm is simply protecting itself, but in doing so it is warning all of the others. Herding is highly successful, provided members of the herd stay together in a tight bunch. The hunter moves with the herd, watching for an individual to wander away from the others.
	【题目】The word "provided" in the passage is closest in meaning to A. if B. because C. unless D. therefore
	【解析】畜群是很成功的，如果动物成员们聚集在一起，provided表条件，相当于if。

【往期推荐】