STL之traits编程技法

    traits编程技法利用了“内嵌型别”的编程技巧与编译器的template参数推导功能。

下面主要看看利用traits编程技法实现的迭代器萃取机制。

5种迭代器类型定义:

struct input_iterator_tag {};
struct output_iterator_tag {};
struct forward_iterator_tag : public input_iterator_tag {};
struct bidirectional_iterarot_tag : public forward_iterator_tag {};
struct random_access_iterator_tag : public bidirectional_iterarot_tag {};

std::iterator的定义

template <class Category, class T, class Distance = ptrdiff_t, 
          class Pointer = T*, class Reference = T&>
struct iterator {
    typedef Category    iterator_category;
    typedef T           value_type;
    typedef Distance    difference_type;
    typedef Pointer     pointer;
    typedef Reference   reference;
};

    如果想和STL协同工作,自行定义的迭代器必须定义iterator_categoryvalue_typedifference_typepointerreference这五大内嵌型别。为了方便,STL定义了std::iterator这个基类,自定义的迭代器只要继承这个基类

就可以了。但要注意的是,并不是STL中的所有迭代器都继承了这个基类,比如_deque_iterator。

"榨汁机"traits

template <class Iterator>
struct iterator_traits {
    typedef typename Iterator::iterator_category  iterator_category;
    typedef typename Itetator::value_type         value_type;
    typedef typename Iterator::difference_type    difference_type;
    typedef typename Iterator::pointer            pointer;
    typedef typename Iterator::reference          reference;
};

    由于原生指针也是一种迭代器,但是原生指针没有内嵌型别,因此,iterator_traits需要为原生指针提供特化版本。

template <class T>
struct iterator_traits<T*> {
    typedef random_access_iterator_tag  iterator_category;
    typedef T         value_type;
    typedef ptrdiff_t    difference_type;
    typedef T*            pointer;
    typedef T&          reference;
};

template <class T>
struct iterator_traits<const T*> {
    typedef random_access_iterator_tag  iterator_category;
    typedef T         value_type;
    typedef ptrdiff_t    difference_type;
    typedef const T*            pointer;
    typedef const T&          reference;
};

  

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/gattaca/p/4701181.html