MySQL Execution Plan--执行计划中的Type列

在一次的优化过程中,由于没有关注执行计划中type列,仅看key列来查看"使用到的索引",导致优化过程走了不少弯路。

以下面SQL为例:

SELECT wave_no,
SUM(IF(picking_qty IS NULL, 0, picking_qty)) AS PICKED_QTY,
SUM(IF(differ_qty IS NULL, 0, differ_qty)) AS PICKED_DIFFER_QTY,
SUM(IF(relocate_qty IS NULL, 0, relocate_qty)) AS PICKED_RELOCATE_QTY 
FROM picking_locate_d
WHERE yn = 0
AND wave_no IN
(
'BC76361213164811',
'BC76361213164810',
...
'BC76361213158692'
)
AND org_No = '661'
AND distribute_No = '763'
AND warehouse_No = '612' 
GROUP BY wave_no;

走索引查找的执行计划为:

+----+-------------+------------------+------------+-------+---------------+-------------+---------+------+-------+----------+------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table            | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key         | key_len | ref  | rows  | filtered | Extra                              |
+----+-------------+------------------+------------+-------+---------------+-------------+---------+------+-------+----------+------------------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | picking_locate_d | NULL       | range | idx_wave_no   | idx_wave_no | 153     | NULL | 14238 |     0.01 | Using index condition; Using where |
+----+-------------+------------------+------------+-------+---------------+-------------+---------+------+-------+----------+------------------------------------+

 走索引扫描执行计划为:

+----+-------------+------------------+------------+-------+---------------+-------------+---------+------+----------+----------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table            | partitions | type  | possible_keys | key         | key_len | ref  | rows     | filtered | Extra       |
+----+-------------+------------------+------------+-------+---------------+-------------+---------+------+----------+----------+-------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | picking_locate_d | NULL       | index | idx_wave_no   | idx_wave_no | 153     | NULL | 37660147 |     0.01 | Using where |
+----+-------------+------------------+------------+-------+---------------+-------------+---------+------+----------+----------+-------------+

上面两个执行计划都使用索引idx_wave_no,但:

第一个执行计划影响行数为14238,与IN查询中的值数量相同,其执行计划type列值为range,表示index range scan。

第二个执行计划影响行数为37660147,与整表数据量相同,其执行计划type列为index,表示index scan。

哪为啥索引查找是index range scan呢?通过MySQL trace工具查看,其中输出包含以下信息:

"chosen_range_access_summary": {
"range_access_plan": {
  "type": "range_scan",
  "index": "idx_wave_no",
  "rows": 5,
  "ranges": [
    "BC76361213164810 <= wave_no <= BC76361213164810",
    "BC76361213164811 <= wave_no <= BC76361213164811",
    "BC76361213158692 <= wave_no <= BC76361213158692"
  ] /* ranges */
} /* range_access_plan */,
"rows_for_plan": 5,
"cost_for_plan": 9.01,
"chosen": true
} /* chosen_range_access_summary */

其中查询中WHERE子句:

wave_no IN
(
'BC76361213164811',
'BC76361213164810',
'BC76361213158692'
)

由于idx_wave_no为非唯一索引,虽然是等值查询,仍需要从第一个等于指定值的索引记录开始扫描,直到第一个不等于指定值的索引记录,因为被称为范围扫描(Range Scan) :

"ranges": [
    "BC76361213164810 <= wave_no <= BC76361213164810",
    "BC76361213164811 <= wave_no <= BC76361213164811",
    "BC76361213158692 <= wave_no <= BC76361213158692"
  ] 

IN子句中的3个值被转换为3次INDEX RANGE SCAN。

对于全索引扫描(INDEX SCAN),通过MySQL trace工具查看,其中输出包含以下信息:

"considered_execution_plans": [
  {
    "plan_prefix": [
    ] /* plan_prefix */,
    "table": "`picking_locate_d`",
    "best_access_path": {
      "considered_access_paths": [
        {
          "rows_to_scan": 37660147,
          "access_type": "scan",
          "resulting_rows": 3.77e7,
          "cost": 9.58e6,
          "chosen": true,
          "use_tmp_table": true
        }
      ] /* considered_access_paths */
    } /* best_access_path */,
    "condition_filtering_pct": 100,
    "rows_for_plan": 3.77e7,
    "cost_for_plan": 9.58e6,
    "sort_cost": 3.77e7,
    "new_cost_for_plan": 4.72e7,
    "chosen": true
  }
] /* considered_execution_plans */

其中access_type=scan表明操作为INDEX SCAN,rows_to_scan=37660147表名扫描整个索引上37660147行记录。

通过DESC或EXPLAIN输出的执行计划中,Type列的可选值分别对应:

all: 全表扫描
index: 索引全扫描
range: 索引范围扫描,常用语<,<=,>=,between等操作
ref: 使用非唯一索引扫描或唯一索引前缀扫描,返回单条记录,常出现在关联查询中
eq_ref: 类似ref,区别在于使用的是唯一索引,使用主键的关联查询
const/system: 单条记录,系统会把匹配行中的其他列作为常数处理,如主键或唯一索引查询
null: MySQL不访问任何表或索引,直接返回结果
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/gaogao67/p/10771113.html