Java 基础

总结

在自定义中,重写hashCode()不需要加@Override. 
因为Object.hashCode()并不是abstract函数。

在java中,hashCode()方法的主要作用是为了配合基于散列的集合一起正常运行,这样的散列集合包含HashSet、HashMap以及HashTable。

  • 当你的自定义类Customer,要作为散列集合(HashSet、HashMap以及HashTable)的key时,就需要重写hashCode()方法。
  • 不然,同一个Customer对象,哪怕其属性值发生了改变,其的hashCode始终一致。
  • 因为在自定义类Customer没重写hashCode()时,其默认调用本地native方法 Object.hashCode(),同一个对象始终返回同一个hashCode

以我们最常用的HashMap为例,如果Customer不重写hashCode(), 很容易造成多个对象hash值相同,当这些对象在hashmap中当为key保存,其value会被“不经意”地覆盖。

不重写hashCode()

不重写时,hashCode 始终一致,所以往HashMap加入元素时,会覆盖前值

public class Solution {
    public static class Customer {
        private String username;
        private int age;

        public String getUsername() {
            return username;
        }
        public void setUsername(String username) {
            this.username = username;
        }
        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }
        public void setAge(int age) {
            this.age = age;
        }

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("打印对象Customer的hashCode值----------->");
        HashMap<Customer, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
        Customer customer = new Customer();

        System.out.println(customer.hashCode());
        map.put(customer,1);

        customer.setAge(10);
        System.out.println(customer.hashCode());
        map.put(customer,2);

        customer.setUsername("张三");
        System.out.println(customer.hashCode());
        map.put(customer,3);

        customer.setUsername("张");
        System.out.println(customer.hashCode());
        map.put(customer,4);

        customer.setAge(8);
        System.out.println(customer.hashCode());
        map.put(customer,5);

       // size = 1
        System.out.println("HashMap size ----------->" + map.size());

    }

}    

输出:

打印对象Customer的hashCode值----------->
1761291320
1761291320
1761291320
1761291320
1761291320
HashMap size ----------->1

重写hashCode()

重写时,hashCode随着对象属性的改变而改变,所以往HashMap加入元素时,不会覆盖前值。

public class Solution {
    public static class Customer {
        private String username;
        private int age;

        public String getUsername() {
            return username;
        }
        public void setUsername(String username) {
            this.username = username;
        }
        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }
        public void setAge(int age) {
            this.age = age;
        }

        public int hashCode(){
            String temp = this.username + this.age;
            return temp.hashCode();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("打印对象Customer的hashCode值----------->");
        HashMap<Customer, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
        Customer customer = new Customer();

        System.out.println(customer.hashCode());
        map.put(customer,1);

        customer.setAge(10);
        System.out.println(customer.hashCode());
        map.put(customer,2);

        customer.setUsername("张三");
        System.out.println(customer.hashCode());
        map.put(customer,3);

        customer.setUsername("张");
        System.out.println(customer.hashCode());
        map.put(customer,4);

        customer.setAge(8);
        System.out.println(customer.hashCode());
        map.put(customer,5);

        // size = 5
        System.out.println("HashMap size ----------->" + map.size());

    }

}

输出:

打印对象Customer的hashCode值----------->
105180041
-1034385946
744669896
23403839
754968
HashMap size ----------->5

详细:https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/63770669

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/frankcui/p/13562759.html