Deep Learning -- 数据增强

数据增强

  在图像的深度学习中,为了丰富图像训练集,更好的提取图像特征,泛化模型(防止模型过拟合),一般都会对数据图像进行数据增强,数据增强,常用的方式,就是旋转图像,剪切图像,改变图像色差,扭曲图像特征,改变图像尺寸大小,增强图像噪音(一般使用高斯噪音)等,但需要注意,不要加入其它图像轮廓的噪音。在不同的任务背景下,我们可以通过图像的几何变换,使用一下一种或者多种组合数据增强变换来增加输入数据的量。
  1. 旋转|反射变换(Rotation/reflection):随机旋转图像一定角度;改变图像的内容朝向;
  2. 翻转变换(flip):沿这水平或者垂直方向翻转图像
  3. 缩放变换(zoom):按照一定的比例放大或者缩小图像
  4. 平移变换(shift):在图像平面上对图像以一定方式进行平移

数据增强的代码实现

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# 数据增强
# 1.翻转变换flip
# 2.随机修剪random crop
# 3.色彩抖动color jittering
# 4.平移变换shift
# 5.尺度变换scale
# 6.对比度变换contrast
# 7.噪声扰动noise
# 8.旋转变换/反射变换 Rotation/reflection

from PIL import Image,ImageEnhance,ImageOps,ImageFile
import numpy as np
import random
import threading,os,time
import logging

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
ImageFile.LOAD_TRUNCATED_IMAGES = True

class DataAugmentation:
    #包含数据增强的八种方式
    def __init__(self):
        pass

    @staticmethod
    def openImage(image):
        return Image.open(image,mode="r")

    @staticmethod
    def randomRotation(image,mode=Image.BICUBIC):
        # 对图像进行任意0~360度旋转
        # param mode 邻近插值,双线性插值,双三次B样条插值(default)
        # param image PIL的图像image
        # return 旋转之后的图像
        random_angle = np.random.randint(1,360)
        return image.rotate(random_angle,mode)

    @staticmethod
    def randomCrop(image):
        #对图像随意剪切,考虑到图像大小范围(68*68),使用一个一个大于(36*36)的窗口进行截图
        #param image:PIL的图像image
        #return:剪切之后的图像
        image_width = image.size[0]
        image_height = image.size[1]
        crop_win_size = np.random.randint(40,68)
        random_region = ((image_width - crop_win_size ) >> 1 , (image_height - crop_win_size) >> 1 ,(image_width + crop_win_size) >> 1 , (image_height + crop_win_size) >> 1)
        return image.crop(random_region)

    @staticmethod
    def randomColor(image):
        #对图像进行颜色抖动
        #param image:PIL的图像image
        #return:有颜色色差的图像image

        #随机因子
        random_factor = np.random.randint(0, 31) / 10.
        #调整图像的饱和度
        color_image = ImageEnhance.Color(image).enhance(random_factor)
        #随机因子
        random_factor = np.random.randint(10,21) / 10.
        #调整图像的亮度
        brightness_image = ImageEnhance.Brightness(color_image).enhance(random_factor)
        #随机因子
        random_factor = np.random.randint(10,21) / 10.
        #调整图像的对比度
        contrast_image = ImageEnhance.Contrast(brightness_image).enhance(random_factor)
        #随机因子
        random_factor = np.random.randint(0,31) / 10.
        #调整图像锐度
        sharpness_image = ImageEnhance.Sharpness(contrast_image).enhance(random_factor)
        return sharpness_image

    @staticmethod
    def randomGaussian(image,mean=0.2,sigma=0.3):
        #对图像进行高斯噪声处理
        #param image:
        #return

        def gaussianNoisy(im,mean=0.2,sigma=0.3):
            #对图像做高斯噪音处理
            # param im:单通道图像
            # param mean:偏移量
            # param sigma:标准差
            #return:
            for _i in range(len(im)):
                im[_i] += random.gauss(mean,sigma)
            return im

        #将图像转化为数组
        img = np.asanyarray(image)
        #将数组改为读写模式
        img.flags.writeable = True
        width,height = img.shape[:2]
        #对image的R,G,B三个通道进行分别处理
        img_r = gaussianNoisy(img[:,:,0].flatten(), mean, sigma)
        img_g = gaussianNoisy(img[:,:,1].flatten(), mean, sigma)
        img_b = gaussianNoisy(img[:,:,2].flatten(), mean, sigma)
        img[:,:,0] = img_r.reshape([width,height])
        img[:,:,1] = img_g.reshape([width,height])
        img[:,:,2] = img_b.reshape([width,height])
        return Image.fromarray(np.uint8(img))

    @staticmethod
    def saveImage(image,path):
        image.save(path)

def makeDir(path):
    try:
        if not os.path.exists(path):
            if not os.path.isfile(path):
                os.makdirs(path)
            return 0
        else:
            return 1
    except Exception, e:
        print str(e)
        return -1

def imageOps(func_name, image, des_path, file_name, times = 5):
    funcMap = {"randomRotation": DataAugmentation.randomRotation,
                "randomCrop":DataAugmentation.randomCrop,
                "randomColor":DataAugmentation.randomColor,
                "randomGaussian":DataAugmentation.randomGaussian
                }
    if funcMap.get(func_name) is None:
        logger.error("%s is not exist" , func_name)
        return -1

    for _i in range(0,times,1):
        new_image = funcMap[func_name](image)
        DataAugmentation.saveImage(new_image,os.path.join(des_path,func_name + str(_i) + file_name))

opsList = {"randomRotation", "randomCrop", "randomColor", "randomGaussian"}

def threadOPS(path,new_path):
    #多线程处理事务
    #param src_path:资源文件
    #param des_path:目的地文件
    #return:

    if os.path.isdir(path):
        img_names = os.listdir(path)
    else:
        img_names = [path]
    for img_name in img_names:
        print img_name
        tmp_img_name = os.path.join(path,img_name)
        print tmp_img_name
        if os.path.isdir(tmp_img_name):
            if makeDir(os.path.join(new_path,img_name)) != -1:
                threadOPS(tmp_img_name,os.path.join(new_path,img_name))
            else:
                print 'create new dir failure'
                return -1
        elif tmp_img_name.split('.')[1] != "DS_Store":
            image = DataAugmentation.openImage(tmp_img_name)
            threadImage = [0] * 5
            _index = 0
            for ops_name in opsList:
                threadImage[_index] = threading.Thread(target=imageOps,args=(ops_name,image,new_path,img_name))
                threadImage[_index].start()
                _index += 1
                time.sleep(0.2)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    threadOPS("C:UsersAcheronPycharmProjectsCNNpic-image\trainimages","C:UsersAcheronPycharmProjectsCNNpic-image\train\newimages")

数据增强实验

原始的待进行数据增强的图像:

1.对图像进行颜色抖动

 2.对图像进行高斯噪声处理

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/fangpengchengbupter/p/7649627.html