1. RMAN的默认配置
1 RMAN> show all; 2 3 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog 4 RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name OCP12C are: 5 CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default 6 CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default 7 CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default 8 CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; # default 9 CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default 10 CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default 11 CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default 12 CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default 13 CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default 14 CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default 15 CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default 16 CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default 17 CONFIGURE RMAN OUTPUT TO KEEP FOR 7 DAYS; # default ---- 所有的操作和结果都保存在 v$rman_output视图中，且保留七天 18 CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default 19 CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1/dbs/snapcf_OCP12C.f'; # default 20 21 RMAN>
2. 含义
1. 保留策略
RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default --- 冗余策略，规定至少有几个冗余的备份（默认为1），RMAN会从最新的备份开始保留N个数据备份，其他的会被打标成obsolete（废弃）对于同一个文件，如果备份了两次，则第一次的备份文件会被打标成废弃，RMAN只会寻找最新的备份文件进行恢复，在report obsolete 时，会看到第一次的备份文件，如果把最新的备份文件删除，则rman会寻找第一次备份的文件，此时report obsolete是看不到任何文件的
1 冗余策略为1，第一次备份15号数据文件 2 RMAN> backup datafile 15 format '/u01/app/oracle/backup/%U.15bak'; 3 4 Starting backup at 2021-01-21 16:39:30 5 using channel ORA_DISK_1 6 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set 7 channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set 8 input datafile file number=00015 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/test01.dbf 9 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2021-01-21 16:39:30 10 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2021-01-21 16:39:31 11 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/backup/0jvl6ti2_1_1.15bak tag=TAG20210121T163930 comment=NONE 12 channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 13 Finished backup at 2021-01-21 16:39:31 14 15 Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2021-01-21 16:39:31 16 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1/dbs/c-671397679-20210121-02 comment=NONE 17 Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2021-01-21 16:39:35 18 19 RMAN> list backup; 20 21 22 List of Backup Sets 23 =================== 24 25 26 BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time 27 ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ------------------- 28 17 Full 1.04M DISK 00:00:00 2021-01-21 16:39:30 29 BP Key: 17 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20210121T163930 30 Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/backup/0jvl6ti2_1_1.15bak 31 List of Datafiles in backup set 17 32 Container ID: 3, PDB Name: ERP 33 File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name 34 ---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----------- ------ ---- 35 15 Full 5982209 2021-01-21 16:39:30 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/test01.dbf 36 37 BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time 38 ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ------------------- 39 18 Full 18.25M DISK 00:00:02 2021-01-21 16:39:34 40 BP Key: 18 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20210121T163932 41 Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1/dbs/c-671397679-20210121-02 42 SPFILE Included: Modification time: 2021-01-21 11:00:59 43 SPFILE db_unique_name: OCP12C 44 Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 5982219 Ckp time: 2021-01-21 16:39:32 45 46 RMAN> report obsolete; 47 48 RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command 49 RMAN retention policy is set to redundancy 1 50 Report of obsolete backups and copies 51 Type Key Completion Time Filename/Handle 52 -------------------- ------ ------------------ -------------------- 53 Control File Copy 1 2021-01-17 12:45:29 /u01/app/oracle/backup/cdb/bak.ctl ----之前废弃的文件 54 55 第二次备份15号文件 56 RMAN> backup datafile 15 format '/u01/app/oracle/backup/%U.15bak'; 57 58 Starting backup at 2021-01-21 16:40:31 59 using channel ORA_DISK_1 60 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set 61 channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set 62 input datafile file number=00015 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/test01.dbf 63 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2021-01-21 16:40:32 64 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2021-01-21 16:40:33 65 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/backup/0lvl6tk0_1_1.15bak tag=TAG20210121T164031 comment=NONE 66 channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 67 Finished backup at 2021-01-21 16:40:33 68 69 Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2021-01-21 16:40:33 70 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1/dbs/c-671397679-20210121-03 comment=NONE 71 Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2021-01-21 16:40:34 72 73 RMAN> report obsolete; 74 75 RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command 76 RMAN retention policy is set to redundancy 1 77 Report of obsolete backups and copies 78 Type Key Completion Time Filename/Handle 79 -------------------- ------ ------------------ -------------------- 80 Control File Copy 1 2021-01-17 12:45:29 /u01/app/oracle/backup/cdb/bak.ctl 81 Backup Set 17 2021-01-21 16:39:30 82 Backup Piece 17 2021-01-21 16:39:30 /u01/app/oracle/backup/0jvl6ti2_1_1.15bak ---将第一次备份的文件标记成了obsolete
RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 7 DAYS; --- 时间窗口策略 ---- 使用这种保留策略意味着，在恢复窗口期的数据，任何地方出问题，RMAN都要通过保留策略保存的备份恢复出来。注意：恢复窗口是个时间段，和这个时间段有无备份，或有多少备份无关。窗口期内的任意一点被损坏，都要能保证备份文件被恢复，所以窗口期前的一份备份是不会被标记为 obsolete的
RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO NONE; ---- 将保留策略设置成NONE后，不会有任何一个备份被标记成obsolete。
注意：保留策略只能选择其中一个，不能同时设置多个
2. 备份优化
RMAN> CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default --- 默认是关闭，如果开启了备份优化，可以避免重复备份，只用于归档日志，只读，或脱机表空间的数据文件，备份优化选项依赖于RETENTION POLICY策略，如果启用优化，在已有足够相同文件副本的情况下，采用（N+1），RMAN将不创建额外的文件副本。
1 先将其中一个表空间设置成只读模式 2 SQL> alter tablespace hehe read only; 3 4 Tablespace altered. 5 6 SQL> select tablespace_name, status from dba_tablespaces where tablespace_name='HEHE'; 7 8 TABLESPACE_NAME STATUS 9 ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------ 10 HEHE READ ONLY 11 12 开启备份优化 13 RMAN> CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION on; 14 15 new RMAN configuration parameters: 16 CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON; 17 new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored 18 19 进行三次同样的备份，查看第二次和第三次的区别（冗余策略是1） 20 RMAN> backup database format '/u01/app/oracle/backup/%U.full'; 21 22 Starting backup at 2021-01-21 17:21:58 23 using channel ORA_DISK_1 24 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set 25 channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set 26 input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/sysaux01.dbf 27 input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/system01.dbf 28 input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/undotbs01.dbf 29 input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/users01.dbf 30 input datafile file number=00016 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/hehe01.dbf 31 input datafile file number=00017 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/memeda01.dbf 32 input datafile file number=00019 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/xxp01.dbf 33 input datafile file number=00020 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/aaa01.dbf 34 input datafile file number=00023 name=/u01/app/oracle/backup/lalala01.dbf 35 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2021-01-21 17:21:59 36 37 38 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2021-01-21 17:27:34 39 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/backup/0vvl701n_1_1.full tag=TAG20210121T172158 comment=NONE 40 channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:05:35 41 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set 42 channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set 43 input datafile file number=00010 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/sysaux01.dbf 44 input datafile file number=00009 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/system01.dbf 45 input datafile file number=00011 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/undotbs01.dbf 46 input datafile file number=00012 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/users01.dbf 47 input datafile file number=00015 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/test01.dbf 48 input datafile file number=00018 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/xxp01.dbf 49 input datafile file number=00021 name=/u01/app/oracle/backup/aaa01.dbf 50 input datafile file number=00022 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/lalala01.dbf 51 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2021-01-21 17:27:35 52 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2021-01-21 17:28:10 53 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/backup/10vl70c6_1_1.full tag=TAG20210121T172158 comment=NONE 54 channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35 55 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set 56 channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set 57 input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf 58 input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/pdbseed/system01.dbf 59 input datafile file number=00008 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf 60 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2021-01-21 17:28:10 61 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2021-01-21 17:28:36 62 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/backup/11vl70da_1_1.full tag=TAG20210121T172158 comment=NONE 63 channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:26 64 Finished backup at 2021-01-21 17:28:36 65 66 Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2021-01-21 17:28:36 67 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1/dbs/c-671397679-20210121-07 comment=NONE 68 Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2021-01-21 17:28:39 69 70 RMAN> 71 RMAN> 72 RMAN> backup database format '/u01/app/oracle/backup/%U.full'; 73 74 Starting backup at 2021-01-21 17:29:58 75 using channel ORA_DISK_1 76 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set 77 channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set 78 input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/sysaux01.dbf 79 input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/system01.dbf 80 input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/undotbs01.dbf 81 input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/users01.dbf 82 input datafile file number=00016 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/hehe01.dbf 83 input datafile file number=00017 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/memeda01.dbf 84 input datafile file number=00019 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/xxp01.dbf 85 input datafile file number=00020 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/aaa01.dbf 86 input datafile file number=00023 name=/u01/app/oracle/backup/lalala01.dbf 87 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2021-01-21 17:29:58 88 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2021-01-21 17:31:15 89 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/backup/13vl70gm_1_1.full tag=TAG20210121T172958 comment=NONE 90 channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:17 91 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set 92 channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set 93 input datafile file number=00010 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/sysaux01.dbf 94 input datafile file number=00009 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/system01.dbf 95 input datafile file number=00011 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/undotbs01.dbf 96 input datafile file number=00012 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/users01.dbf 97 input datafile file number=00015 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/test01.dbf 98 input datafile file number=00018 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/xxp01.dbf 99 input datafile file number=00021 name=/u01/app/oracle/backup/aaa01.dbf 100 input datafile file number=00022 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/lalala01.dbf 101 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2021-01-21 17:31:16 102 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2021-01-21 17:31:51 103 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/backup/14vl70j4_1_1.full tag=TAG20210121T172958 comment=NONE 104 channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35 105 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set 106 channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set 107 input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf 108 input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/pdbseed/system01.dbf 109 input datafile file number=00008 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf 110 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2021-01-21 17:31:51 111 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2021-01-21 17:32:17 112 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/backup/15vl70k7_1_1.full tag=TAG20210121T172958 comment=NONE 113 channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:26 114 Finished backup at 2021-01-21 17:32:17 115 116 Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2021-01-21 17:32:17 117 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1/dbs/c-671397679-20210121-08 comment=NONE 118 Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2021-01-21 17:32:18 119 120 RMAN> backup database format '/u01/app/oracle/backup/%U.full'; 121 122 Starting backup at 2021-01-21 17:33:22 123 using channel ORA_DISK_1 124 skipping datafile 5; already backed up 2 time(s) 125 skipping datafile 6; already backed up 2 time(s) 126 skipping datafile 8; already backed up 2 time(s) 127 skipping datafile 16; already backed up 2 time(s) 128 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set 129 channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set 130 input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/sysaux01.dbf 131 input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/system01.dbf 132 input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/undotbs01.dbf 133 input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/users01.dbf 134 input datafile file number=00017 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/memeda01.dbf 135 input datafile file number=00019 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/xxp01.dbf 136 input datafile file number=00020 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/aaa01.dbf 137 input datafile file number=00023 name=/u01/app/oracle/backup/lalala01.dbf 138 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2021-01-21 17:33:23 139 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2021-01-21 17:34:39 140 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/backup/17vl70n3_1_1.full tag=TAG20210121T173323 comment=NONE 141 channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:16 142 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set 143 channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set 144 input datafile file number=00010 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/sysaux01.dbf 145 input datafile file number=00009 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/system01.dbf 146 input datafile file number=00011 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/undotbs01.dbf 147 input datafile file number=00012 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/users01.dbf 148 input datafile file number=00015 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/test01.dbf 149 input datafile file number=00018 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/xxp01.dbf 150 input datafile file number=00021 name=/u01/app/oracle/backup/aaa01.dbf 151 input datafile file number=00022 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/lalala01.dbf 152 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2021-01-21 17:34:39 153 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2021-01-21 17:35:04 154 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/backup/18vl70pf_1_1.full tag=TAG20210121T173323 comment=NONE 155 channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25 156 Finished backup at 2021-01-21 17:35:04 157 158 Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2021-01-21 17:35:05 159 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1/dbs/c-671397679-20210121-09 comment=NONE 160 Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2021-01-21 17:35:06 161 162 可以发现在第三次备份的时候，直接跳过了 5/6/8/16号数据文件（只读），采用了N+1，不再创建额外的副本
3. 设备类型
RMAN> CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default --- 可以是磁盘（DISK）,或者是磁带（STB）,默认是磁盘
4. 控制文件是否自动备份
RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; # default --- 默认是打开的，当设置成OFF，在备份system表空间时，也会自动备份控制文件和SPFILE
5. 控制文件备份路径与格式
RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default --- format 指明备份文件的路径和文件名 %F只能用在备份控制文件中
官文：https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/bradv/configuring-rman-client-basic.html#GUID-C64AE090-0749-43EA-92C4-69DC6201A15F
6. 并行度
RMAN> CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default ----- 如果在RUN{}中指定了通道配置，将覆盖掉配置参数中指定的默认并行度
1 并行度为1时，只开辟一个通道 2 RMAN> backup datafile 16 format '/u01/app/oracle/backup/%U.16bak'; 3 4 Starting backup at 2021-01-21 18:34:53 5 using channel ORA_DISK_1 6 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set 7 channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set 8 input datafile file number=00016 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/hehe01.dbf 9 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2021-01-21 18:34:53 10 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2021-01-21 18:34:54 11 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/backup/1avl74ad_1_1.16bak tag=TAG20210121T183453 comment=NONE 12 channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 13 Finished backup at 2021-01-21 18:34:54 14 15 Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2021-01-21 18:34:54 16 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1/dbs/c-671397679-20210121-0a comment=NONE 17 Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2021-01-21 18:34:56 18 19 RMAN> CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 2 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; 20 21 new RMAN configuration parameters: 22 CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 2 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; 23 new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored 24 released channel: ORA_DISK_1 25 并行度设置成2，则开辟两个通道 26 RMAN> backup datafile 16 format '/u01/app/oracle/backup/%U.16bak'; 27 28 Starting backup at 2021-01-21 18:35:25 29 allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 30 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=25 device type=DISK 31 allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2 32 channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=1 device type=DISK 33 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set 34 channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set 35 input datafile file number=00016 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/hehe01.dbf 36 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2021-01-21 18:35:27 37 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2021-01-21 18:35:28 38 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/backup/1cvl74bf_1_1.16bak tag=TAG20210121T183526 comment=NONE 39 channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 40 Finished backup at 2021-01-21 18:35:28 41 42 Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2021-01-21 18:35:28 43 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1/dbs/c-671397679-20210121-0b comment=NONE 44 Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2021-01-21 18:35:29 45 46 RMAN>
7. 备份集多路复用（印象备份不能）
RMAN> CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default ---- 最大值是4，如果为2则备份相同的两份，注意：TO STB 和 TO DISK 是独立的，不能同时以DISK 和 TAPE 多路复用
1 RMAN> CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 2; 2 3 new RMAN configuration parameters: 4 CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 2; 5 new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored 6 7 RMAN> backup datafile 16 format '/u01/app/oracle/backup/%U.16bak','/u01/app/oracle/%U.16bak'; 8 9 Starting backup at 2021-01-21 18:44:52 10 allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 11 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=25 device type=DISK 12 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set 13 channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set 14 input datafile file number=00016 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/hehe01.dbf 15 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2021-01-21 18:44:52 16 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2021-01-21 18:44:53 with 2 copies and tag TAG20210121T184452 17 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/backup/1evl74t4_1_1.16bak comment=NONE 18 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/1evl74t4_1_2.16bak comment=NONE 19 channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 20 Finished backup at 2021-01-21 18:44:53 21 22 Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2021-01-21 18:44:54 23 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1/dbs/c-671397679-20210121-0c comment=NONE 24 Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2021-01-21 18:44:55 25 26 RMAN> backup datafile 16 format '/u01/app/oracle/backup/%U.16bak'; 27 28 Starting backup at 2021-01-21 18:45:18 29 using channel ORA_DISK_1 30 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set 31 channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set 32 input datafile file number=00016 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/hehe01.dbf 33 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2021-01-21 18:45:18 34 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2021-01-21 18:45:20 with 2 copies and tag TAG20210121T184518 35 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/backup/1gvl74tu_1_1.16bak comment=NONE 36 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/backup/1gvl74tu_1_2.16bak comment=NONE 37 channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02 38 Finished backup at 2021-01-21 18:45:20 39 40 Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2021-01-21 18:45:20 41 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1/dbs/c-671397679-20210121-0d comment=NONE 42 Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2021-01-21 18:45:21 43 44 设置成2后，可以发现在备份的时候 piece handle 会有两个路径
3. 分类
1. BACKUPSET：不备份datafile里从未使用块（HWM以上）、可以实现增量备份（可以备份到disk和tape）。如果只启用一个channel，默认会把所有备份的datafile放入到一个backupset里，并且生成一个备份片backup piece。
2. IMAGE COPY（映像备份）：实际上和手工cp 类似的，备份datafile所有的数据块，不能作为增量备份的基础（即0级增量备份），只能备份到disk，不能备份到tape，因可以省略还原步骤，所以恢复数据库速度快