Asp.Net Core安全之认证与授权

1、认证 VS 授权

认证是一个识别用户是谁的过程
授权是一个决定用户可以干什么的过程
401 Unauthorized 代表：未授权
403 Forbidden 代表：禁止访问

2、ASP .NET Core 认证授权中间件

在接收到请求之后，认证（Authentication）和授权（Authorization）发生在路由（Routing）和终结点（Endpoint）之间

3、代码实现

以JWT为例，在Startup.cs 中配置添加服务

services.AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
    .AddJwtBearer(
        options => options.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters
        {
            ValidateIssuer = true, // 是否验证 Issuer
            ValidateAudience = true, // 是否验证 Audience
            ValidateLifetime = true, // 是否验证失效时间
            ClockSkew = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30),
            ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true, // 是否验证 SecurityKey
            ValidAudience = "https://localhost:6001",
            ValidIssuer = "https://localhost:6001",
            IssuerSigningKey =
                new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("secret88secret666")) // 拿到 SecurityKey
        });

Configure 配置

app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseAuthorization();

添加标签 [Authorize]

[Authorize(Roles = "Administrators, Mentor")]

public class ProjectController : ControllerBase

JWT版发Token

var securityKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("secret88secret666"));
var credentials = new SigningCredentials(securityKey, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256);

var token = new JwtSecurityToken(
                issuer: "https://localhost:6001",
                audience: "https://localhost:6001",
                new List<Claim> {new Claim("name", "mingson")},
                expires: DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(120),
                signingCredentials: credentials);

return Ok(new JwtSecurityTokenHandler().WriteToken(token));