iOS,自动布局autoresizing和auto layout,VFL语言

1.使用autoresizing

2.使用autolayout

3.VFL语言(Visual Format Language:可视化格式语言)

使用autoresizing

点击xib文件,去掉使用autolayout(autolayout和autoresizing只能使用一个)
  iOS,自动布局autoresizing和autolayout - Vie - Vie
如图中所示
   1.代表视图距离父容器顶部距离固定
   2.代表视图距离父容器左边距离固定
   3.代表视图距离父容器底部距离固定
   4.代表视图距离父容器右边距离固定
   5.中间水平线表示视图随着父容器变宽而变宽(按比例)
   6.中间垂直线表示视图随着父容器变高而变高(按比例)
 
autoresizing的局限性就是只能表现父视图与子视图的关系,而无法表达兄弟视图之间的关系。在处理复杂布局上比较无力
 

使用autolayout

 autolayout的2个核心概念: 参照、约束

注意:

如果使用autolayout来约束控件,那frame就失效了,官方也不建议我们再设置frame了  。

        如果利用autolayout约束一个控件,和我们以前使用frame约束控件一样,必须设置宽度/高度/X/Y,如果缺少一个约束就会报错,报错有可能会引发一些未知的bug 

        如果有红色错误:代表缺少约束,或者约束有冲突(约束可以重复添加 )

        如果有黄色警告:代表当前的位置大小和约束的位置大小不一样

       在使用autolayout时,最好给每个控件起一个名称,方便阅读

      在使用autolayout让某个控件相对于另一个控件约束,一定要在另一个控件周围

    iOS8,默认情况下,左右两边会留出一段距离

   xib编辑页面autolayout相关约束选项

iOS,自动布局autoresizing和autolayout - Vie - Vie

 

iOS,自动布局autoresizing和autolayout - Vie - Vie

设置好约束后在各个尺寸,横竖屏下查看效果

iOS,自动布局autoresizing和autolayout - Vie - Vie
Xcode8中查看
 
 
 

下面设置红色视图宽度为蓝色的一半。

先约束红色和蓝色等宽,然后选中约束,改变下图所写值(Multiplier乘数),然后红色就为蓝色宽的一半;
(注:在水平居中、垂直居中等约束方式上也可以进行类似的约束操作)
Priority优先级一般不用改(优先级最大为1000,优先级越高的约束越先被满足)
iOS,自动布局autoresizing和autolayout - Vie - Vie
 

同理宽度也可以采取相同方法


代码实现Autolayout(太麻烦,开发中不介意这样用)
代码实现autolayout的注意点
       *要先禁止autoresizing功能,设置view的下面属性为NO;
 view.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints=NO;
       *添加约束之前,一定要保证相关控件都已经在各自的父控件上。(先add控件,再添加约束)
       *不用再给view设置frame
代码实现autolayout的步奏
*利用NSLayoutConstraint类创建具体的约束对象。
*添加约束对象到相应的view上
-(void)addCOnstraint:(NSLayoutConstraint *)constraint;
-(void)addConstraints:(NSArray *)constraints;

  在添加目标view约束时会遵循以下规则。(通过代码添加约束时参照该规则)

      1)对于两个同层级view之间的约束关系,添加到它们的父view上

      2)对于两个不同层级view之间的约束关系,添加到他们最近的共同父view上(父view不同,继续找父view的父view...)

      3)对于有层次关系的两个view之间的约束关系,添加到层次较高的父view上

示例:
- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];

    //添加2个控件到父控件上
    //添加蓝色view
    UIView *blueView=[[UIView alloc] init];
    blueView.backgroundColor=[UIColor blueColor];
    //禁用autoresizing
    blueView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints=NO;
    [self.view addSubview:blueView];

    //添加红色view
    UIView *redView=[[UIView alloc] init];
    redView.backgroundColor=[UIColor redColor];
    //禁用autoresizing
    redView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints=NO;
    [self.view addSubview:redView];
    
    //添加约束
    //添加蓝色View距离父控件左边的距离固定为20  x
    /*
     item == first item  需要设置约束的控件
     attribute == 需要设置的约束
     relatedBy == relation 等于
     toItem == second item 被参照的控件
     attribute == 需要设置的约束
     multiplier == multiplier 乘以
     constant == constant 加上
     */
    //蓝色view的左边等于父控件的左边乘以1加20
    NSLayoutConstraint *leftCos=[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:blueView attribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeft relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:self.viewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeft multiplier:1.0f constant:20];
    [self.view addConstraint:leftCos];
    //添加蓝色View距离父控件右边的距离固定为20  宽度
    NSLayoutConstraint *rightCos=[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:blueView attribute:NSLayoutAttributeRight relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:self.viewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeRight multiplier:1.0f constant:-20];
    [self.view addConstraint:rightCos];
    //添加蓝色View距离父控件顶部边的距离固定为20 y
     NSLayoutConstraint *topCos=[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:blueView attribute:NSLayoutAttributeTop relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:self.viewattribute:NSLayoutAttributeTop multiplier:1.0f constant:20];
    [self.view addConstraint:topCos];
    //添加蓝色View的高度50                   高度
     NSLayoutConstraint *heightCos=[NSLayoutConstraintconstraintWithItem:blueView attribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeightrelatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:nilattribute:NSLayoutAttributeNotAnAttribute multiplier:1.0f constant:50];
    [blueView addConstraint:heightCos];

    

    //设置红色约束
    //红色高度和蓝色一样  height
    NSLayoutConstraint *redHeightCos=[NSLayoutConstraintconstraintWithItem:redView attribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeightrelatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:blueView attribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeightmultiplier:1.0f constant:0];
    [self.view addConstraint:redHeightCos];
    //红色的右边和蓝色右边对齐  x
    NSLayoutConstraint *redRightCos=[NSLayoutConstraintconstraintWithItem:redView attribute:NSLayoutAttributeRightrelatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:blueView attribute:NSLayoutAttributeRightmultiplier:1.0f constant:0];

    [self.view addConstraint:redRightCos];
    //红色的顶部和蓝色底部距离固定20   y
    NSLayoutConstraint *redTopCos=[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:redView attribute:NSLayoutAttributeTop relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:blueView attribute:NSLayoutAttributeBottom multiplier:1.0f constant:20];

    [self.view addConstraint:redTopCos];

    //红色宽度等于蓝色宽度一半

    NSLayoutConstraint *redWidthCos=[NSLayoutConstraintconstraintWithItem:redView attribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidthrelatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:blueView attribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidthmultiplier:0.5f constant:0];
    [self.view addConstraint:redWidthCos];
}

iOS,自动布局autoresizing和autolayout - Vie - VieiOS,自动布局autoresizing和autolayout - Vie - Vie

 

VFL语言(Visual Format Language:可视化格式语言)

VFL语言是苹果公司为了简化Autolayout的编码而推出的抽象语言

VFL示例
  • H:[cancelButton(72)]-12-[acceptButton(50)]
  • canelButton宽72,acceptButton宽50,它们之间水平间距12
  • H:[wideView(>=60@700)]
  • wideView宽度大于等于60point,该约束条件优先级为700(优先级最大值为1000,优先级越高的约束越先被满足)
  • V:[redBox]-[yellowBox(==redBox)]
  • 竖直方向上,先有一个redBox,其下方紧接一个高度等于redBox高度的yellowBox
  • H:|-10-[Find]-[FindNext]-[FindField(>=20)]-|
  • 水平方向上,Find距离父view左边缘默认间隔宽度10,之后是FindNext距离Find间隔默认宽度0;再之后是宽度不小于20的FindField,它和FindNext以及父view右边缘的间距都是默认宽度。(竖线“|” 表示superview的边缘)
和上面代码实现Autolayout完成同样的demo效果
- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    //添加2个控件到父控件上
    //添加蓝色view
    UIView *blueView=[[UIView alloc] init];
    blueView.backgroundColor=[UIColor blueColor];
    //禁用autoresizing
    blueView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints=NO;
    [self.view addSubview:blueView];

    //添加红色view
    UIView *redView=[[UIView alloc] init];
    redView.backgroundColor=[UIColor redColor];
    //禁用autoresizing
    redView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints=NO;
    [self.view addSubview:redView];

    //添加约束
    /*
     VisualFormat:VFL语句
     options:对齐方式
     metrics:VFL语句中用到的变量值
     views:VFL语句中用到的控件
     */
    //blueView水平方向距离两边各20距离,设置了x值和宽度
    NSArray *blueViewHorizontal=[NSLayoutConstraintconstraintsWithVisualFormat:@"H:|-20-[blueView]-20-|" options:0 metrics:nilviews:@{@"blueView":blueView}];
    [self.view addConstraints:blueViewHorizontal];
    //blueView垂直方向距离顶部20距离,高度50 ,blueView底部距离redView为20距离  redView高度==blueView;并且设置红色和蓝色右边对齐
    NSArray *blueViewVertical=[NSLayoutConstraintconstraintsWithVisualFormat:@"V:|-20-[blueView(50)]-20-[redView(==blueView)]"options:NSLayoutFormatAlignAllRight metrics:nilviews:@{@"blueView":blueView,@"redView":redView}];
    [self.view addConstraints:blueViewVertical];

    

    //注意:在VFL语句中是不支持乘除法,要用autolayout代码实现
//    NSArray *redViewHorizontal=[NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"H:[redView(==blueView)]" options:0 metrics:nil views:@{@"blueView":blueView,@"redView":redView}];
//    [self.view addConstraints:redViewHorizontal];
    NSLayoutConstraint *redViewW=[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:redView attribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidth relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:blueView attribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidth multiplier:0.5 constant:0];
    [self.view addConstraint:redViewW];
}

//示例:UIScrollView上使用VFL约束,可滚动

//
//  ViewController.m
//  MQTTSDKLearn
//
//  Created by Vie on 2017/3/3.
//  Copyright © 2017年 Vie. All rights reserved.
//

#import "ViewController.h"


@interface ViewController ()
@property (nonatomic, strong)MQTTSession *mqttSession;
@property (nonatomic, strong)UIScrollView *scrollView;//滚动视图
@property (nonatomic, strong)UITextField *userNameField;//账号输入框
@property (nonatomic, strong)UITextField *passwordField;//密码输入框
@property (nonatomic, strong)UITextField *ipField;//ip输入框
@property (nonatomic, strong)UITextField *portField;//端口号输入框
@property (nonatomic, strong)UIButton *loginBtn;//登陆按钮
@end

@implementation ViewController
#pragma mark LazyLoading
-(UIScrollView *)scrollView{
    if (!_scrollView) {
        _scrollView=[[UIScrollView alloc] init];
        _scrollView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints=false;
        //设置垂直指示滚动标不可见
        _scrollView.showsVerticalScrollIndicator = NO;
    }
    return _scrollView;
}
-(UITextField *)userNameField{
    if (!_userNameField) {
        _userNameField=[[UITextField alloc] init];
        _userNameField.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints=false;
        _userNameField.layer.borderWidth=1.0;
        _userNameField.layer.borderColor=[UIColor blackColor].CGColor;
        [_userNameField.layer setCornerRadius:5.0f];
        _userNameField.placeholder=@"请输入用户名";
        _userNameField.text=@"admin";
    }
    return _userNameField;
}
-(UITextField *)passwordField{
    if (!_passwordField) {
        _passwordField=[[UITextField alloc] init];
        _passwordField.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints=false;
        _passwordField.layer.borderWidth=1.0;
        _passwordField.layer.borderColor=[UIColor blackColor].CGColor;
        [_passwordField.layer setCornerRadius:5.0f];
        _passwordField.placeholder=@"请输入密码";
        _passwordField.text=@"admin";
    }
    return _passwordField;
}
-(UITextField *)ipField{
    if (!_ipField) {
        _ipField=[[UITextField alloc] init];
        _ipField.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints=false;
        _ipField.layer.borderWidth=1.0;
        _ipField.layer.borderColor=[UIColor blackColor].CGColor;
        [_ipField.layer setCornerRadius:5.0f];
        _ipField.placeholder=@"请输入IP地址";
        _ipField.text=@"10.4.145.68";
    }
    return _ipField;
}
-(UITextField *)portField{
    if (!_portField) {
        _portField=[[UITextField alloc] init];
        _portField.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints=false;
        _portField.layer.borderWidth=1.0;
        _portField.layer.borderColor=[UIColor blackColor].CGColor;
        [_portField.layer setCornerRadius:5.0f];
        _portField.placeholder=@"请输入端口号";
        _portField.text=@"1884";
    }
    return _portField;
}
-(UIButton *)loginBtn{
    if (!_loginBtn) {
        _loginBtn=[[UIButton alloc] init];
        _loginBtn.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints=false;
        [_loginBtn setTitle:@"登 录 订 阅" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
        [_loginBtn setBackgroundColor:[UIColor colorWithRed:104/255.0 green:200/255.0 blue:250/255.0 alpha:1]];
        [_loginBtn.layer setCornerRadius:8.0f];
        [_loginBtn addTarget:self action:@selector(connectAction:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
    }
    return _loginBtn;
}
#pragma  mark viewLoad
- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    
    [self.view addSubview:self.scrollView];
    [self.scrollView addSubview:self.userNameField];
    [self.scrollView addSubview:self.passwordField];
    [self.scrollView addSubview:self.ipField];
    [self.scrollView addSubview:self.portField];
    [self.scrollView addSubview:self.loginBtn];
    
    [self layoutVFL];

}

-(void)layoutVFL{
    /*最底部或最旁边一个视图要确定与_scrollView的位置关系,这样_scrollView才能确定contenSize是否滑动*/
    /*滚动视图水平约束*/
    NSArray *scrollViewHorizotal=[NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"H:|-0-[_scrollView]-0-|" options:0 metrics:nil views:@{@"_scrollView":_scrollView}];
    [self.view addConstraints:scrollViewHorizotal];
    /*滚动视图垂直约束*/
    NSArray *scrollViewViertical=[NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"V:|-0-[_scrollView]-0-|" options:0 metrics:nil views:@{@"_scrollView":_scrollView}];
    [self.view addConstraints:scrollViewViertical];
    
    
    
    
    /*用户名宽度约束,_userNameField宽度=_scrollView的1.0倍-60*/
    NSLayoutConstraint *fieldWidth=[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:_userNameField attribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidth relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:_scrollView attribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidth multiplier:1.0 constant:-60];
    [self.scrollView addConstraint:fieldWidth];
    
    //添加_userNameField距离父控件右边的距离固定为20  宽度
    NSLayoutConstraint *rightCos=[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:_userNameField attribute:NSLayoutAttributeRight relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:_scrollView attribute:NSLayoutAttributeRight multiplier:1.0f constant:-30];
    [self.scrollView addConstraint:rightCos];
    
    //_userNameField的左边等于父控件的左边乘以1加20
    NSLayoutConstraint *leftCos=[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:_userNameField attribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeft relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:_scrollView attribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeft multiplier:1.0f constant:30];
    [self.scrollView addConstraint:leftCos];

    /*用户名垂直方向约束*/
    NSArray *userNameFieldViertical=[NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"V:|-30-[_userNameField(45)]" options:0 metrics:nil views:@{@"_userNameField":_userNameField}];
    [self.scrollView addConstraints:userNameFieldViertical];
   
    

    /*密码输入框水平约束*/
    NSArray *passwordFieldHorizotal=[NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"H:|-30-[_passwordField(==_userNameField)]" options:0 metrics:nil views:@{@"_passwordField":_passwordField,@"_userNameField":_userNameField}];
    [self.scrollView addConstraints:passwordFieldHorizotal];
    /*密码输入框垂直约束*/
    NSArray *passwordFieldViertical=[NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"V:[_userNameField]-30-[_passwordField(==_userNameField)]" options:0 metrics:nil views:@{@"_passwordField":_passwordField,@"_userNameField":_userNameField}];
    [self.scrollView addConstraints:passwordFieldViertical];
    
    
    
    /*ip输入框水平约束*/
    NSArray *ipFieldHorizotal=[NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"H:|-30-[_ipField(==_passwordField)]" options:0 metrics:nil views:@{@"_passwordField":_passwordField,@"_ipField":_ipField}];
    [self.scrollView addConstraints:ipFieldHorizotal];
    /*ip输入框垂直约束*/
    NSArray *ipFieldViertical=[NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"V:[_passwordField]-30-[_ipField(==_passwordField)]" options:0 metrics:nil views:@{@"_passwordField":_passwordField,@"_ipField":_ipField}];
    [self.scrollView addConstraints:ipFieldViertical];
    
    /*端口输入框水平约束*/
    NSArray *portFieldHorizotal=[NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"H:|-30-[_portField(==_ipField)]" options:0 metrics:nil views:@{@"_ipField":_ipField,@"_portField":_portField}];
    [self.scrollView addConstraints:portFieldHorizotal];
    /*端口输入框垂直约束*/
    NSArray *portFieldViertical=[NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"V:[_ipField]-30-[_portField(==_ipField)]" options:0 metrics:nil views:@{@"_ipField":_ipField,@"_portField":_portField}];
    [self.scrollView addConstraints:portFieldViertical];
    
    
    /*登录按钮水平约束*/
    NSArray *loginBtnHorizotal=[NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"H:|-30-[_loginBtn(==_portField)]" options:0 metrics:nil views:@{@"_loginBtn":_loginBtn,@"_portField":_portField}];
    [self.scrollView addConstraints:loginBtnHorizotal];
    /*登录按钮垂直约束*/
    NSArray *loginBtnViertical=[NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"V:[_portField]-30-[_loginBtn(==_portField)]-230-|" options:0 metrics:nil views:@{@"_loginBtn":_loginBtn,@"_portField":_portField}];
    [self.scrollView addConstraints:loginBtnViertical];
}


//连接Socket服务
-(void)connectAction:(UIButton *)sender{
    NSLog(@"连接MQTT服务器登陆验证");
}

@end
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/douniwanxia/p/5892764.html