参考代码地址：https://github.com/pytorch/examples/tree/master/word_language_model
/word_language_model/data.py
这个data加载文件写的很简洁，值得学习
参考代码地址：https://github.com/pytorch/examples/tree/master/word_language_model
/word_language_model/data.py
这个data加载文件写的很简洁，值得学习
import os
import torch
class Dictionary(object):
#维护一个字典，存储着语料word2idx
def __init__(self):
self.word2idx = {}
self.idx2word = []
def add_word(self, word):
if word not in self.word2idx:
self.idx2word.append(word)
self.word2idx[word] = len(self.idx2word) - 1
return self.word2idx[word]
def __len__(self):
return len(self.idx2word)
class Corpus(object):
#维护着语料，这里比较tricky，在建立字典的过程中，同时也产出了文本到索引的文件。
#tokenize这个函数先把现在文件的所有term加到字典，然后根据字典产出一个索引文件。
def __init__(self, path):
self.dictionary = Dictionary()
self.train = self.tokenize(os.path.join(path, 'train.txt'))
self.valid = self.tokenize(os.path.join(path, 'valid.txt'))
self.test = self.tokenize(os.path.join(path, 'test.txt'))
def tokenize(self, path):
"""Tokenizes a text file."""
assert os.path.exists(path)
# Add words to the dictionary
with open(path, 'r') as f:
tokens = 0
for line in f:
words = line.split() + ['<eos>']
tokens += len(words)
for word in words:
self.dictionary.add_word(word)
# Tokenize file content
with open(path, 'r') as f:
ids = torch.LongTensor(tokens)
token = 0
for line in f:
words = line.split() + ['<eos>']
for word in words:
ids[token] = self.dictionary.word2idx[word]
token += 1
return ids
/word_language_model/main.py
###############################################################################
# Load data
###############################################################################
corpus = data.Corpus(args.data)
#这个corpus.train是一个一维的向量
def batchify(data, bsz):
# Work out how cleanly we can divide the dataset into bsz parts.
nbatch = data.size(0) // bsz
#bsz就是batch size
# Trim off any extra elements that wouldn't cleanly fit (remainders).
data = data.narrow(0, 0, nbatch * bsz)
# Evenly divide the data across the bsz batches.
# 先把一维的向量变成batch size的整数倍，然后先把1*N的矩阵转化成 bsz * M的矩阵，然后通过t()将第一个维度和第二个维度替换
# 得到的最后的data向量是M*bsz的向量，就是每一行是一个batch，每一列就是一段文本，类似我们古代的书，但是是从左到右的排列
——————————————————————————
数据处理流程是这样的。原来一段长文本，如 a pen is this day, that is a ......
然后进行切割，一共分成20行，就变成了每一行是个长文本，一共20行，这时候每列是一个batch。进行transpose。就是M*bsz的格式，这个时候每一行是一个batch。格式类似：
a when ...
pen we..
is look
this the
这个格式的，进入网络的话是一个sequence序列，假如是35的话，就是从上倒下35行，取出来送入网络。取第个序列的话，直接从36行开始。。一个batch是20大小，20表示序列的数目，每个序列是35个字，所以是一个35*20的向量
——————————————————————————
data = data.view(bsz, -1).t().contiguous()
if args.cuda:
data = data.cuda()
return data
eval_batch_size = 10
train_data = batchify(corpus.train, args.batch_size)
val_data = batchify(corpus.valid, eval_batch_size)
test_data = batchify(corpus.test, eval_batch_size)
###############################################################################
# Build the model
###############################################################################
ntokens = len(corpus.dictionary)
model = model.RNNModel(args.model, ntokens, args.emsize, args.nhid, args.nlayers, args.dropout, args.tied)
if args.cuda:
model.cuda()
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
###############################################################################
# Training code
###############################################################################
def repackage_hidden(h):
"""Wraps hidden states in new Variables, to detach them from their history."""
if type(h) == Variable:
return Variable(h.data)
else:
return tuple(repackage_hidden(v) for v in h)
def get_batch(source, i, evaluation=False):
seq_len = min(args.bptt, len(source) - 1 - i)
#这里的bptt是sequence的长度，i是序列的开始，i是根据sequence的长度进行递增
data = Variable(source[i:i+seq_len], volatile=evaluation)
target = Variable(source[i+1:i+1+seq_len].view(-1))
#返回的data是bptt*bsz，即sequence长度*batch size
#返回的target的是一维的向量，大小和data是一样的，不过是data平移一位后的结果
return data, target
def evaluate(data_source):
# Turn on evaluation mode which disables dropout.
model.eval()
total_loss = 0
ntokens = len(corpus.dictionary)
hidden = model.init_hidden(eval_batch_size)
for i in range(0, data_source.size(0) - 1, args.bptt):
data, targets = get_batch(data_source, i, evaluation=True)
output, hidden = model(data, hidden)
output_flat = output.view(-1, ntokens)
total_loss += len(data) * criterion(output_flat, targets).data
hidden = repackage_hidden(hidden)
return total_loss[0] / len(data_source)
def train():
# Turn on training mode which enables dropout.
model.train()
total_loss = 0
start_time = time.time()
ntokens = len(corpus.dictionary)
hidden = model.init_hidden(args.batch_size)
for batch, i in enumerate(range(0, train_data.size(0) - 1, args.bptt)):
data, targets = get_batch(train_data, i)
# Starting each batch, we detach the hidden state from how it was previously produced.
# If we didn't, the model would try backpropagating all the way to start of the dataset.
hidden = repackage_hidden(hidden)
model.zero_grad()
output, hidden = model(data, hidden)
loss = criterion(output.view(-1, ntokens), targets)
loss.backward()
# `clip_grad_norm` helps prevent the exploding gradient problem in RNNs / LSTMs.
torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm(model.parameters(), args.clip)
for p in model.parameters():
p.data.add_(-lr, p.grad.data)
total_loss += loss.data
if batch % args.log_interval == 0 and batch > 0:
cur_loss = total_loss[0] / args.log_interval
elapsed = time.time() - start_time
print('| epoch {:3d} | {:5d}/{:5d} batches | lr {:02.2f} | ms/batch {:5.2f} | '
'loss {:5.2f} | ppl {:8.2f}'.format(
epoch, batch, len(train_data) // args.bptt, lr,
elapsed * 1000 / args.log_interval, cur_loss, math.exp(cur_loss)))
total_loss = 0
start_time = time.time()
# Loop over epochs.
lr = args.lr
best_val_loss = None
# At any point you can hit Ctrl + C to break out of training early.
try:
for epoch in range(1, args.epochs+1):
epoch_start_time = time.time()
train()
val_loss = evaluate(val_data)
print('-' * 89)
print('| end of epoch {:3d} | time: {:5.2f}s | valid loss {:5.2f} | '
'valid ppl {:8.2f}'.format(epoch, (time.time() - epoch_start_time),
val_loss, math.exp(val_loss)))
print('-' * 89)
# Save the model if the validation loss is the best we've seen so far.
if not best_val_loss or val_loss < best_val_loss:
with open(args.save, 'wb') as f:
torch.save(model, f)
best_val_loss = val_loss
else:
# Anneal the learning rate if no improvement has been seen in the validation dataset.
lr /= 4.0
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print('-' * 89)
print('Exiting from training early')
# Load the best saved model.
with open(args.save, 'rb') as f:
model = torch.load(f)
# Run on test data.
test_loss = evaluate(test_data)
print('=' * 89)
print('| End of training | test loss {:5.2f} | test ppl {:8.2f}'.format(
test_loss, math.exp(test_loss)))
print('=' * 89)
model
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.autograd import Variable
class RNNModel(nn.Module):
"""Container module with an encoder, a recurrent module, and a decoder."""
def __init__(self, rnn_type, ntoken, ninp, nhid, nlayers, dropout=0.5, tie_weights=False):
super(RNNModel, self).__init__()
self.drop = nn.Dropout(dropout)
self.encoder = nn.Embedding(ntoken, ninp)
if rnn_type in ['LSTM', 'GRU']:
self.rnn = getattr(nn, rnn_type)(ninp, nhid, nlayers, dropout=dropout)
else:
try:
nonlinearity = {'RNN_TANH': 'tanh', 'RNN_RELU': 'relu'}[rnn_type]
except KeyError:
raise ValueError( """An invalid option for `--model` was supplied,
options are ['LSTM', 'GRU', 'RNN_TANH' or 'RNN_RELU']""")
self.rnn = nn.RNN(ninp, nhid, nlayers, nonlinearity=nonlinearity, dropout=dropout)
self.decoder = nn.Linear(nhid, ntoken)
# Optionally tie weights as in:
# "Using the Output Embedding to Improve Language Models" (Press & Wolf 2016)
# https://arxiv.org/abs/1608.05859
# and
# "Tying Word Vectors and Word Classifiers: A Loss Framework for Language Modeling" (Inan et al. 2016)
# https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.01462
if tie_weights:
if nhid != ninp:
raise ValueError('When using the tied flag, nhid must be equal to emsize')
self.decoder.weight = self.encoder.weight
self.init_weights()
self.rnn_type = rnn_type
self.nhid = nhid
self.nlayers = nlayers
def init_weights(self):
initrange = 0.1
self.encoder.weight.data.uniform_(-initrange, initrange)
self.decoder.bias.data.fill_(0)
self.decoder.weight.data.uniform_(-initrange, initrange)
def forward(self, input, hidden):
emb = self.drop(self.encoder(input))
output, hidden = self.rnn(emb, hidden)
output = self.drop(output)
decoded = self.decoder(output.view(output.size(0)*output.size(1), output.size(2)))
return decoded.view(output.size(0), output.size(1), decoded.size(1)), hidden
def init_hidden(self, bsz):
#就是这个函数一直不太明白，为什么取出第一个参数，然后重新构造，难道第一个参数不学习了？
weight = next(self.parameters()).data
if self.rnn_type == 'LSTM':
return (Variable(weight.new(self.nlayers, bsz, self.nhid).zero_()),
Variable(weight.new(self.nlayers, bsz, self.nhid).zero_()))
else:
return Variable(weight.new(self.nlayers, bsz, self.nhid).zero_())