编程小白第一本入门书(一)

参考:https://www.runoob.com/python/python-files-io.html

1.open()函数

用于打开一个文件,创建一个 file 对象,相关的方法才可以调用它进行读写。

1 f = open('C:/Users/LKX/Desktop/first.txt') 
2 f.read()
>>>'hello world!
why are you so cute?
'

 默认是只读,所以并不能写入。

1 f = open('C:/Users/LKX/Desktop/first.txt','a+')
2 f.write('Today is a beautiful day!
')
3 f.close()

2.write()方法

1 #打开一个文件
2 fo = open('foo.txt','w')
3 fo.write('www.runoob.com
Very good site!
')
4 #关闭打开的文件
5 fo.close()
www.runoob.com
Very good site!

如果该文件不存在,会创建新文件。

1 file = open('C:/Users/LKX/Desktop/third.txt','w')
2 file.write('This is a better world')
3 file.close()

桌面上就会出现一个 third.txt 文本文件。

3.read()方法

1 fo = open('foo.txt','r+')
2 str = fo.read(10)
3 print('读取的字符串是:',str)
4 fo.close()
>>>读取的字符串是: www.runoob

但要及时关闭(close)文件!

4.#coding:utf-8

# -*- coding:utf8 -*-

 ascii码:8位(英文。没有中文情况)(在python2中就为ascii码编码)

 万国码:unicode(至少16位,用不到16位时就会浪费内存)

 utf-8:能用多少位表示就用多少位表示(节省空间)

 使用utf-8编码,代码里出现了中文,就不会报错了。python3为utf-8编码,头部可不加。

5.字符串的方法replace()、find()、format()

 replace() 方法把字符串中的 old(旧字符串)替换成 new(新字符串),如果指定第三个参数max,则替换不超过 max 次。

 需要注意 replace 不会改变原 string 的内容。

1 msg = 'this is string example...wow!!!this is really string'
2 print(msg.replace('is','was'))
3 print(msg.replace('is','was',3))
4 print(msg)
>>>thwas was string example...wow!!!thwas was really string
>>>thwas was string example...wow!!!thwas is really string
>>>this is string example...wow!!!this is really string

eg.hiding_num

1 phone_num = '13099932221'
2 hiding_num = phone_num.replace(phone_num[3:7],'*'* 4)
3 print(hiding_num) 
>>>130****2221

find()方法:

str.find(str, beg=0, end=len(string))
  • str -- 指定检索的字符串
  • beg -- 开始索引,默认为0。
  • end -- 结束索引,默认为字符串的长度。

返回:如果包含子字符串返回开始的索引值,否则返回-1。

1 info = 'abca'
2 print(info.find('a'))
3 print(info.find('a',1))
4 print(info.find('3'))
>>>0
>>>3
>>>-1

eg.find()

1 search = '168'
2 num_a = '13861680006'
3 num_b = '16812220006'
4 print(search + ' is at ' + str(num_a.find(search)) + ' to ' + str(num_a.find(search) + len(search)) + ' of num_a') 
5 print(search + ' is at ' + str(num_b.find(search)) + ' to ' + str(num_b.find(search) + len(search)) + ' of num_b') 
>>>168 is at 4 to 7 of num_a
>>>168 is at 0 to 3 of num_b

字符串格式化函数format():

1 '{} {}'.format('hello','world') #不设置指定位置,按默认顺序
>>>'hello world'
2 '{0} {1}'.format('hello','world') #设置指定位置
3 '{1} {0} {1}'.format('hello','world') #设置指定位置
>>>'world hello world'
4 print('网站名:{name},地址:{url}'.format(name='菜鸟教程',url='www.runoob.com'))
>>>网站名:菜鸟教程,地址:www.runoob.com
5 #通过字典设置参数
6 site = {'name':'菜鸟教程','url':'www.runoob.com'}
7 print('网站名:{name},地址:{url}'.format(**site))
8#通过列表索引设置参数
9  my_list = ['菜鸟教程','www.runoob.com']
10 print('网站名:{0[0]},地址:{0[1]}'.format(my_list))

6.input()

1 city = input('write down the name of city:')
2 url = 'http://apistore.baidu.com/microservice/weather?citypinyin={}'.format(city)
3 print(url)
>>>write down the name of city:shanghai
>>>http://apistore.baidu.com/microservice/weather?citypinyin=shanghai

7.求幂运算符**,而不是^

1 a = 3
2 b = 5
3 print(b**a)
>>>125



 

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/direwolf22/p/12636675.html