awk 常用选项总结
在 awk 中使用外部的环境变量 （-v）
awk -v num2="$num1" -v var1="$var" 'BEGIN{print num2,var1}'
-f 选项 文件中读取表达式
1.awk
BEGIN{
str="I hava a tream"
location=index(str,"ea")
print location
}
awk -f 1.awk
2.wak
BEGIN{
str="Transaction 243 Start,Event ID:9002"
count=sub(/[0-9]+/,"$",str)
print str
}
-F 指定分隔符
awk -F ":" '{print $7}' passwd
显示版本号
awk -V
awk中数组的用法及模拟生产环境数据统计
shell中的数组的用法：
- shell数组中的下标是从0开始的
array=("Allen" "Mike" "Messi" "Jerry" "Hanmeimei" "Wang")
打印元素： echo ${array[2]}
打印元素个数: echo ${#array[@]}
打印某个元素长度: echo ${#array[3]}
给元素赋值： array[3]=ui;
删除元素: unset array[2];unset array # 删除数组
分片访问: echo ${array[@]:1:3}
元素内容替换: ${array[@]/e/E} 只替换第一个e；${array[@]//e/E} 替换所有的e
数组的遍历：
for a in ${array[@]}
do
echo $a
done
awk中数组的用法：
- 在awk中，使用数组时，不仅可以使用1.2..n作为数组小标，也可以使用字符串作为数组下标
典型常用例子：
统计主机上所有的tcp链接状态数，按照每个tcp状态分类
netstat -an | grep tcp | awk '{arr[$6]++}END{for (i in arr) print i,arr[i]}'
计算横向数据综合，计算纵向数据总和
statics.awk
BEGIN{
printf "%-30s%-30s%-30s%-30s%-30s%-30s
","Name","Yuwen","Math","English","Physical","total"
}
{
total=$2+$3+$4+$5
yuwen_sum+=$2
math_sum+=$3
english_sum+=$4
physical_sum+=$5
printf "%-30s%-30d%-30d%-30d%-30d%-30d
",$1,$2,$3,$4,$5,total
}
END{
printf "%-30s%-30d%-30d%-30d%-30d
","every_total",yuwen_sum,math_sum,english_sum,physical_sum
}
awk -f statics.awk student.txt
计算字符串的长度：
str="test string"
echo ${#str}
修改数组元素
array=("Allen" "Mike" "Messi" "Jerry" "Hanmeimei" "Wang")
array[1]="Jerry"
echo ${array[@]}
删除第3个元素
echo ${array[@]}
unset array[2]
echo ${array[@]}
在数组中删除下标为1的元素，即Mike被删除，再次删除下标为1的元素，发现数组不变，说明数组虽然删除了元素，下标还是不变保存在内存中
array=("Allen" "Mike" "Messi" "Jerry" "Hanmeimei" "Wang")
unset array[1]
echo ${array[*]}
分片访问，数组为1的开始遍历3个元素
array=("Allen" "Mike" "Messi" "Jerry" "Hanmeimei" "Wang")
echo ${array[@]:1:3}
1到最后
echo ${array[@]:1}
替换1个，替换所有
echo ${array[@]}
echo ${array[@]/e/E}
echo ${array[@]//e/E}
遍历数组
for a in ${array[@]};do echo $a;done
计算横向和、纵向和
awk -f stu.awk student.txt
模拟生产环境数据脚本
db.log.20190608
2019-06-08 10:31:40 15459 Batches: user Jerry insert 5504 records into datebase:product table:detail, insert 5253 records successfully,failed 251 records 2019-06-08 10:31:40 15460 Batches: user Tracy insert 25114 records into datebase:product table:detail, insert 13340 records successfully,failed 11774 records 2019-06-08 10:31:40 15461 Batches: user Hanmeimei insert 13840 records into datebase:product table:detail, insert 5108 records successfully,failed 8732 records 2019-06-08 10:31:40 15462 Batches: user Lilei insert 32691 records into datebase:product table:detail, insert 5780 records successfully,failed 26911 records 2019-06-08 10:31:40 15463 Batches: user Allen insert 25902 records into datebase:product table:detail, insert 14027 records successfully,failed 11875 records
1 统计每个人分别插入了多少条record进数据库
exam1.awk
BEGIN{
printf "%-20s%-20s
","User","Total records"
}
{
USER[$6]+=$8
}
END{
for(u in USER)
printf "%-20s%-20d
",u,USER[u]
}
awk -f exam1.awk db.log.20190608
2 统计每个人分别插入成功了多少record，失败了多少record
exam2.awk
BEGIN{
printf "%-30s%-30s%-30s
","User","Success records","Failed records"
}
{
SUCCESS[$6]+=$14
FAILED[$6]+=$17
}
END{
for(u in SUCCESS)
printf "%-30s%-30d%-30d
",u,SUCCESS[u],FAILED[u]
}
awk -f exam2.awk db.log.20190608
3 将例子1和例子2结合起来，一起输出，输出每个人分别插入多少条数据，多少成功，多少失败，并且要格式化输出，加上标题
exam3.awk
BEGIN{
printf "%-30s%-30s%-30s%-30s
","Name","total records","success records","failed records"
}
{
TOTAL_RECORDS[$6]+=$8
SUCCESS[$6]+=$14
FAILED[$6]+=$17
}
END{
for(u in TOTAL_RECORDS)
printf "%-30s%-30d%-30d%-30d
",u,TOTAL_RECORDS[u],SUCCESS[u],FAILED[u]
}
awk -f exam3.awk db.log.20190608
4 在例子3的基础上，加上结尾，统计全部插入记录数，成功记录数，失败记录数
exam4_b.awk
BEGIN{
printf "%-30s%-30s%-30s%-30s
","Name","total records","success records","failed records"
}
{
TOTAL_RECORDS[$6]+=$8
SUCCESS[$6]+=$14
FAILED[$6]+=$17
}
END{
for(u in TOTAL_RECORDS)
{
# 在统计出的结果数组中进行累加
records_sum+=TOTAL_RECORDS[u]
success_sum+=SUCCESS[u]
failed_sum+=FAILED[u]
printf "%-30s%-30d%-30d%-30d
",u,TOTAL_RECORDS[u],SUCCESS[u],FAILED[u]
}
printf "%-30s%-30d%-30d%-30d
","",records_sum,success_sum,failed_sum
}
awk -f exam4_b.awk db.log.20190608
方法2：
exam4.awk
BEGIN{
printf "%-30s%-30s%-30s%-30s
","Name","total records","success records","failed records"
}
{
RECORDS[$6]+=$8
SUCCESS[$6]+=$14
FAILED[$6]+=$17
# 在原始数据中进行汇总计算
records_sum+=$8
success_sum+=$14
failed_sum+=$17
}
END{
for(u in RECORDS)
printf "%-30s%-30d%-30d%-30d
",u,RECORDS[u],SUCCESS[u],FAILED[u]
printf "%-30s%-30d%-30d%-30d
","total",records_sum,success_sum,failed_sum
}
5 查找丢失数据的现象，也就是成功+失败的记录数不等于一共插入的记录数，找出这些数据并显示行号和对应行的日志信息
awk '{if($8!=$14+$17) print NR,$0}' db.log.20190608
写入文件的方式
exam5.awk
BEGIN{
}
{
if($8!=$14+$17)
print NR,$0
}
awk -f exam5.awk db.log.20190608
