【NOI2019模拟2019.6.29】组合数(Lucas定理、数位dp)

Description:


p<=10且p是质数,n<=7,l,r<=1e18

题解:


Lucas定理:

(C_{n}^m=C_{n~mod~p}^{m~mod~p}*C_{n/p}^{m/p})

若把(n,m)在p进制下分解,那么就是(prod C_{n[i]}^{m[i]})

对于(∈[l,r])的限制先容斥为(<=r)

考虑从低位到高位的数位dp,设(f[i][S][j])表示做了前i位,S[i]第i个数选的数是<=还是>,进了j位,的系数和。

转移的话可以枚举每个数这一位选了什么,当然就是枚举<=或者>,当然这样还是很慢。

不妨再用一个dp来转移,设(g[i][S][j])表示考虑了前i个数,现在的状压态是S,这一位的和是j,初值是(g[0][S][j]=f[i][S][j])

那么总时间复杂度大概是(O(2^n*log_p^m*2^n*(pn)^2))

反正跑得过。

Code:


#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define fo(i, x, y) for(int i = x, B = y; i <= B; i ++)
#define ff(i, x, y) for(int i = x, B = y; i <  B; i ++)
#define fd(i, x, y) for(int i = x, B = y; i >= B; i --)
#define ll long long
#define pp printf
#define hh pp("
")
using namespace std;

int jx[11][11];
int n, p;
ll m, l[101], r[11], a[11];
int b[101], b0, c[11][101], c0[11];
int a2[10];
int ans;
int f[2][1 << 7][8], o;
int g[2][1 << 7][60], o2;

#define mem(a) memset(a, 0, sizeof a)
void dp(int xs) {
	mem(c);
	fo(i, 1, n) {
		ll v = a[i];
		c0[i] = 0;
		for(; v > 0; v /= p) c[i][++ c0[i]] = v % p;
	}
	mem(f); f[o][0][0] = 1;
	fo(i, 1, b0) {
		mem(f[!o]);
		mem(g);
		ff(j, 0, a2[n]) fo(k, 0, n - 1) g[o2][j][k] = f[o][j][k];
		fo(j, 1, n) {
			mem(g[!o2]);
			ff(s, 0, a2[n]) fo(k, 0, 48) if(g[o2][s][k]) {
				g[o2][s][k] %= p;
				int s2 = s & (a2[n] - 1 - a2[j - 1]); 
				int ns = s2;
				int l = 0, r = c[j][i] - 1;
				fo(u, l, r) g[!o2][ns][k + u] += g[o2][s][k];
				ns = s;
				l = r = c[j][i];
				g[!o2][ns][k + l] += g[o2][s][k];
				ns = s2 + a2[j - 1];
				l = c[j][i] + 1, r = p - 1;
				fo(u, l, r) g[!o2][ns][k + u] += g[o2][s][k];
			}
			o2 = !o2;
		}
		ff(s, 0, a2[n]) fo(k, 0, 48) {
			f[!o][s][k / p] += g[o2][s][k] * jx[b[i]][k % p];
		}
		ff(s, 0, a2[n]) fo(k, 0, p - 1) f[!o][s][k] %= p;
		o = !o;
	}
	ff(s, 0, a2[n]) {
		int ky = 1;
		fo(j, 1, n) if((s >> (j - 1) & 1) && c0[j] <= b0) { ky = 0; break;}
		if(ky) ans = (ans + f[o][s][0] * xs) % p;
	}
}

void dg(int x, int xs) {
	if(x > n) {
		dp(xs);
		return;
	}
	a[x] = l[x] - 1; dg(x + 1, -xs);
	a[x] = r[x]; dg(x + 1, xs);
}

int main() {
	freopen("combination.in", "r", stdin);
	freopen("combination.out", "w", stdout);
	fo(i, 0, 7) a2[i] = 1 << i;
	scanf("%d %lld %d", &n, &m, &p);
	fo(i, 0, 10) {
		jx[i][0] = 1;
		fo(j, 1, i) jx[i][j] = (jx[i - 1][j - 1] + jx[i - 1][j]) % p;
	}
	fo(i, 1, n) scanf("%lld %lld", &l[i], &r[i]);
	for(; m; m /= p) b[++ b0] = m % p;
	dg(1, 1);
	ans = (ans % p + p) % p;
	pp("%d
", ans);
}
转载注意标注出处: 转自Cold_Chair的博客+原博客地址
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/coldchair/p/11110267.html