(转)rvm安装与常用命令

rvm是一个命令行工具，可以提供一个便捷的多版本ruby环境的管理和切换。

如果你打算学习ruby/rails, rvm是必不可少的工具之一。

这里所有的命令都是再用户权限下操作的，任何命令最好都不要用sudo.

rvm安装

$ curl -L get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
$ source ~/.bashrc
$ source ~/.bash_profile

修改 RVM 的 Ruby 安装源到国内的淘宝镜像服务器，这样能提高安装速度

$ sed -i -e 's/ftp.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/ruby.taobao.org/mirrors/ruby/g' ~/.rvm/config/db

ruby的安装与切换

列出已知的ruby版本

rvm list known

安装一个ruby版本

rvm install 1.9.3

这里安装了最新的1.9.3, rvm list known列表里面的都可以拿来安装。

使用一个ruby版本

rvm use 1.9.3

如果想设置为默认版本，可以这样

rvm use 1.9.3 --default

查询已经安装的ruby

rvm list

卸载一个已安装版本

rvm remove 1.9.2

gemset的使用

rvm不仅可以提供一个多ruby版本共存的环境，还可以根据项目管理不同的gemset.

gemset可以理解为是一个独立的虚拟gem环境，每一个gemset都是相互独立的。

比如你有两个项目，一个是rails 2.3 一个是 rails 3. gemset可以帮你便捷的建立两套gem开发环境，并且方便的切换。

gemset是附加在ruby语言版本下面的，例如你用了1.9.2, 建立了一个叫rails3的gemset,当切换到1.8.7的时候，rails3这个gemset并不存在。

建立gemset

rvm use 1.8.7
rvm gemset create rails23

然后可以设定已建立的gemset做为当前环境

use 可以用来切换语言，或者gemset,前提是他们已经被安装(或者建立)。并可以在list命令中看到。

rvm use 1.8.7
rvm use 1.8.7@rails23

然后所有安装的gem都是安装在这个gemset之下。

列出当前ruby的gemset

rvm gemset list

清空gemset中的gem

如果你想清空一个gemset的所有gem,想重新安装所有gem，可以这样

rvm gemset empty 1.8.7@rails23

删除一个gemset

rvm gemset delete rails2-3

项目自动加载gemset

rvm还可以自动加载gemset.

例如我们有一个rails3.1.3项目，需要1.9.3版本ruby.整个流程可以这样。

rvm install 1.9.3
rvm use 1.9.3
rvm gemset create rails313
rvm use 1.9.3@rails313

下面进入到项目目录，建立一个.rvmrc文件。

在这个文件里可以很简单的加一个命令：

rvm use 1.9.3@rails313

然后无论你当前ruby设置是什么，cd到这个项目的时候，rvm会帮你加载 ruby 1.9.3和rails313 gemset.

使用rvm来快速部署nginx+passenger

*首先安装passenger

gem install passenger

然后使用passenger-install-nginx-module 来安装nginx和部署。

因为这一步需要root权限（因为要编译nginx）可以用rvmsudo这个东西。（这个东西真是个好东西）

rvmsudo passenger-install-nginx-module

然后会让你选择是下载nginx源码自动编译安装，还是自己选择nginx源码位置。

选择nginx手动安装的可以添加别的编译参数，方便自定义编译nginx。

然后一路下载安装。默认的安装位置为/opt/nginx.

然后看看nginx.conf，都给你配置好了，只需要加上root位置（yourapp/public）就可以了。

当我第一次安装完成了，就惊呼，这也太爽了吧。

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RubyGems 镜像 - 淘宝网

为什么有这个？

由于国内网络原因（你懂的），导致 rubygems.org 存放在 Amazon S3 上面的资源文件间歇性连接失败。所以你会与遇到 gem install rack 或 bundle install 的时候半天没有响应，具体可以用 gem install rails -V来查看执行过程。

这是一个完整 rubygems.org 镜像，你可以用此代替官方版本，同步频率目前为15分钟一次以保证尽量与官方服务同步。

如何使用？

$ gem sources --remove https://rubygems.org/
$ gem sources -a http://ruby.taobao.org/
$ gem sources -l
*** CURRENT SOURCES ***

http://ruby.taobao.org
# 请确保只有 ruby.taobao.org
$ gem install rails

如果你是用 Bundle (Rails 项目)

source 'http://ruby.taobao.org/'
gem 'rails', '3.2.12'
...

Ruby 源代码下载

RVM 改用本站作为下载源, 提高 Ruby 安装速度

For Mac

$ sed -i .bak 's!ftp.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby!ruby.taobao.org/mirrors/ruby!' $rvm_path/config/db

For Linux

$ sed -i 's!ftp.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby!ruby.taobao.org/mirrors/ruby!' $rvm_path/config/db

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https://github.com/saberma/vimfiles

介绍

这是经典的vim on rails开发工具

安装

请确保您已经安装了git-core,vim-7.2,ruby,rvm

sudo apt-get install exuberant-ctags ncurses-term vim-nox

git clone git://github.com/saberma/vimfiles.git ~/.vim

#初始化插件
cd ~/.vim
git submodule init
git submodule update
ln -s ~/.vim/vimrc ~/.vimrc

cd ~/.vim/bundle/Command-T/ruby/command-t
#一定要先切换回ruby1.8.7，否则vim会报错:Vim: Caught deadly signal SEGV
rvm system
ruby extconf.rb
make
rvm default

注意

最新版本的rails vimfiles已经不再使用fuzzy_finder实现快速打开文件的功能，而改用CommandT
其快捷键也由原来的ctrl + t 改为 leader + t，leader键即键

外部新增文件后，CommandT列表中看不到时，需要手动输入:CommandTFlush，刷新缓存

升级

2011.08.19已升级至最新版本，手动升级方法如下:

cd ~/.vim
git remote add akitaonrails git://github.com/akitaonrails/vimfiles.git
git pull akitaonrails master
git submodule foreach git pull

参考资源

使用说明参考这里

以下为akitaonrails原版详细说明:

Vim

It is recommended that you use gVim in either Windows or Linux and MacVim for
Mac. Download from:

(Windows) http://www.vim.org/download.php#pc (gvim73_46.exe)
(Mac) https://github.com/b4winckler/macvim/downloads (snapshot-56)

Bundled Plugins

Ack – type :Ack [search pattern] to search your entire project
Align – align blocks of text using equal sign, make comment boxes and more
bufexplorer – manage your file buffers
Command-T – the fastest and most intuitive way for opening files in your project
cucumber – support for cucumber features such as syntax highlight, indentation, etc
endwise – support to close Ruby blocks such as ‘if’, ‘do’ with ‘end’
fugitive – support for Git, adding convenient commands such as :Gstatus, :Gread, :Gmove
haml – syntax highlight for HAML
html5.vim – omnicomplete function and syntax for HTML5
markdown – syntax highlight for Markdown
NERD_commenter – support to comment lines of code
NERD_tree – project pane that you can open with [leader] p
ragtag – easier way to create tags for html, erb, etc
rails – lot’s of tools to make it easier to manage your Rails projects
snipmate – support for textmate-like snippets for several languages
supertab – pseudo auto-complete with tab
surround – add, change, remove surrounding parentheses, brackets, quotes, etc
syntastic – checks for syntax errors in many languages
textile – syntax highlight for Textile
vim-coffee-script – syntax highlight for Coffee Script
vim-jade – Vim syntax highlighting for the Jade templating engine
vim-jquery – Vim syntax file to add some colorations for jQuery keywords and css selectors
vim-preview – [leader] P previews Markdown, Rdoc, Textile, html. Requires Ruby and other gems.
vim-ruby-sinatra – syntax highlight for Sinatra
vim-ruby – syntax highlight, smart identation, auto-complete for Ruby
vim-textobj-rubyblock – smart block selection in Ruby code
vividchalk – color scheme inspired by the classic Vibrant for Textmate
Zencoding – powerful way for HTML abbreviations (learn here: http://code.google.com/p/zen-coding/). Type abbreviation and press Ctrl+Y+comma (c-y ,)

Usage

Troubleshoot: Because of the large amount of submodules, if you ever have any
trouble after pulling from the repository, it will be easier to just back up
your old .vim folder and just git clone a new version.

Clone this repo into your home directory either as .vim (linux/mac) or
vimfiles (Windows). Such as:


git clone git://github.com/akitaonrails/vimfiles.git ~/.vim

Then ‘cd’ into the repo and run this to get the snippets submodule:


git submodule update --init

Now you should create a new .vimrc file in your home directory that
loads the pre-configured one that comes bundled in this package. You can do it
on Linux/Mac like this:


echo "source ~/.vim/vimrc" > ~/.vimrc

On Windows you should create a _vimrc (underline instead of dot) and add
the following line inside:


source ~/vimfiles/vimrc

This way you can override the default configuration by adding your own inside
this file.

You should also create a new .gvimrc file in your home directory. You can do
it on Linux/Mac like this:


echo "source ~/.vim/gvimrc" > ~/.gvimrc

On Windows you should create a _gvimrc (underline instead of dot) and add
the following line inside:


source ~/vimfiles/gvimrc

This way you can override the default GUI configuration by adding your own inside
this file.

Help Tags

At first usage of vim, type “:” while in command mode and execute:

call pathogen#helptags()

This will make the plugins documentations available upon :help

Dependencies

You will need these dependencies figured out:

Ruby (for the fuzzy finder plugin)
Exuberant Ctags (http://ctags.sourceforge.net/)
Ncurses-term (in Linux only)

In Ubuntu, for example, you will have to do:


apt-get install exuberant-ctags ncurses-term

In OS X, you can install ctags with homebrew


brew install ctags

On Windows you have to download Ctags and add ctags.exe in your PATH.

Mac OS X and most Linux distros come with Ruby already. If you’re in Windows
look for Luis Lavena’s latest Ruby Installer (http://rubyforge.org/projects/rubyinstaller/)

IMPORTANT: Command-T

The latest version replaces the old Fuzzy Finder with a new one called
“Command-T” form wincent.com. I’ve replaced the old “Command-T” key
binding that used to open new tabs and assigned it to this new plugin
so it behaves the same as Textmate.

You may have problems in Mac/Linux because this plugin requires a native
extension, so you will have to do this:


rvm use system # use this line if using rvm
cd ~/.vim/bundle/Command-T/ruby/command-t
ruby extconf.rb
make

This means that you need to have your Ruby source files and GCC also
installed. A binary for Windows is already bundled so it should just
work. I’ve also included a binary compiled for Ruby Enterprise Edition,
but if you are using other Ruby distros, you will need to recompile.

There are binaries for Mac and Windows. The Mac version is compiled
against the default system Ruby for Mac OS X 10.6.5. The Windows version
is compiled against Ruby Installer 1.8.7-p330.

Ubuntu 11.04 and/or Vim 7.3.35

Ubuntu 11.04 comes bundled with Vim 7.3.35, which has “flaky” Ruby support.
Even if you do everything right, you might see the following crashes when
trying to use Command-T:


Vim: Caught deadly signal SEGV
Vim: Finished.

Segmentation fault

If this happens to you, update Vim to 7.3.154:


hg clone https://vim.googlecode.com/hg/ ~/vim
cd ~/vim
hg update -C v7-3-154
./configure --enable-rubyinterp
make
sudo make install

More details can be found here

Learn Vim

Visit the following sites to learn more about Vim:

http://vimcasts.org

There are many sites teaching Vim, if you know of any other that are easy
to follow for newcomers, let me know.

Credits

Original project and most of the heavy lifting: @scrooloose
All the cool plugins for Rails, Cucumber and more: @timpope
Great Command-T plugin by: Wincent
Hacks and some snippets: @akitaonrails

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Installing Prebuilt Binaries with RVM

Originally posted 2012-12-21.

I've been working with a lot of virtual machines lately, and using RVM to install the version of ruby I need took longer than installing the base system. If you go through the motions of rvm install {VERSION}, you might just gloss over this message:

No binary rubies available for: ubuntu/12.04/x86_64/{VERSION}.

Continuing with compilation. Please read 'rvm mount' to get more information on binary rubies.

Not reading the documentation for rvm mount might end up costing you a lot of time.

RVM Prepare

RVM has a list of premade binaries that it will download if it gets the chance - you can see the list in/usr/local/rvm/config/remote or on github (I used a system-wide RVM install for this. Your path may be ~/.rvm/config/remote). For binaries that don't exist in that list, there's the option of packaging your own.

I'll be assuming that we're building a 2.0.0-preview2 binary, using a server you can scp files to, which is also accessable at http://artifacts.corp/binaries/

rvm install 2.0.0-preview2
rvm prepare 2.0.0-preview2 --install -r artifacts.corp:/var/www/binaries/

The rvm prepare command should have made a file called ruby-2.0.0-preview2.tar.bz2 in your current directory, and output something like the following.

--- upload:
ssh "artifacts.corp" "mkdir -p /var/www/binaries//ubuntu/12.04/x86_64/"
scp "ruby-2.0.0-preview2.tar.bz2" "artifacts.corp:/var/www/binaries//ubuntu/12.04/x86_64/ruby-2.0.0-preview2.tar.bz2"

RVM rightly cares quite a bit about the OS that the build will be installed on, and strongly recommends that you follow the naming convention seen in that output as a way to organize and name your builds. Once those commands are run and the file is uploaded, we'll be ready for the next time that we need to install 2.0.0-preview2 on this OS.

RVM Mount

There are two ways to download premade binaries - rvm install {name}, which uses the list of prebuilt binaries if possible, or rvm mount -r {URI}. The former works with data from configuration files, while the latter works using just command line parameters. Let's install our Ruby using mount first, since it takes fewer steps:

rvm mount -r http://artifacts.corp/binaries//ubuntu/12.04/x86_64/ruby-2.0.0-preview2.tar.bz2 --verify-downloads 1

On the VM I tested this with, rvm mount takes 12 seconds, while rvm install takes 4 minutes. Of course, there's that verify-downloads flag and the lists of prebuilt binaries left to explain..

RVM Remote

As mentioned above, RVM has a list of prebuilt binaries for different platforms that it can download. In addition to the file (on ubuntu) at /usr/local/rvm/config/remote, RVM will also use/usr/local/rvm/users/remote, if present. You can see the rubies that RVM can download as binaries for your system with rvm list remote

# Rubies available for 'ubuntu/12.04/x86_64':

    rbx-2.0.0-rc1
    ruby-1.9.3-p194
    ruby-1.9.3-p286
    ruby-1.9.3-p327

If we add the URL to our precompiled 2.0.0-preview2 binary to /usr/local/rvm/users/remote, it will show up in that list.

root$ echo "http://artifacts.corp/binaries//ubuntu/12.04/x86_64/ruby-2.0.0-preview2.tar.bz2" >> /usr/local/rvm/user/remote
root$ rvm list remote

# Rubies available for 'ubuntu/12.04/x86_64':

    rbx-2.0.0-rc1
    ruby-1.9.3-p194
    ruby-1.9.3-p286
    ruby-1.9.3-p327
    ruby-2.0.0-preview2

For this bit, there is every chance that I am missing, or misunderstanding, something. This may not be the best or right way to do things

Even though it shows up in the remote list, we still have to tell RVM that our server is an acceptable place to download rubies from. We do this by adding it to another textfile.

echo "rvm_remote_server_url=http://artifacts.corp/" >> /usr/local/rvm/user/db

Checksums

At this point, if you try rvm install 2.0.0-preview2 you would get an error message about checksums not matchng. With RVM's mount we used the --verify-downloads flag, which saves checksums of the file we download after the fact. Using that same flag, rvm install 2.0.0-preview2 --verify-downloads 1, will download and install the package correctly.

If however, you want to have RVM to use checksums to verify the download was successful, we can refer way back to the rest of the output from our rvm prepare command:

--- rvm/config/md5:
http://artifacts.corp/binaries/ruby-2.0.0-preview2.tar.bz2=fdb22cbad861616f5e3b56f0e3d976be
--- rvm/config/sha512:
http://artifacts.corp/binaries/ruby-2.0.0-preview2.tar.bz2=eb1972575cee09b0de59f39815b2f9992366cd6aaf3e32ab214d39b054029cf904260933e8b2fa101c7b5eb548d013e0e05c09d3e93dbc97a1ae55789d6a046b

And add those lines to our user/* files

echo "http://artifacts.corp/binaries/ubuntu/12.04/x86_64/ruby-2.0.0-preview2.tar.bz2=eb1972575cee09b0de59f39815b2f9992366cd6aaf3e32ab214d39b054029cf904260933e8b2fa101c7b5eb548d013e0e05c09d3e93dbc97a1ae55789d6a046b" >> /usr/local/rvm/user/sha512
echo "http://artifacts.corp/binaries/ubuntu/12.04/x86_64/ruby-2.0.0-preview2.tar.bz2=fdb22cbad861616f5e3b56f0e3d976be" >> /usr/local/rvm/user/md5

Now, rvm install 2.0.0-preview2 will download a prebuilt binary from a server of your choosing, as well as verify that the checksum is the same as the package you built at the very beginning.

Phew.