树的重心
何谓重心
树的重心：找到一个点，其所有的子树中最大的子树节点数最少,那么这个点就是这棵树的重心,删去重心后，生成的多棵树尽可能平衡。
树的重心可以通过简单的两次搜索求出，第一遍搜索求出每个结点的子结点数量son[u]，第二遍搜索找出使max{son[u],n-son[u]-1}最小的结点。
实际上这两步操作可以在一次遍历中解决。对结点u的每一个儿子v，递归的处理v，求出son[v]，然后判断是否是结点数最多的子树，处理完所有子结点后，判断u是否为重心。
以牛客的一道题：A病毒感染：https://www.nowcoder.com/acm/contest/214/A
//#pragma GCC optimize(3) //#pragma comment(linker, "/STACK:102400000,102400000") //c++ // #pragma GCC diagnostic error "-std=c++11" // #pragma comment(linker, "/stack:200000000") // #pragma GCC target("sse,sse2,sse3,ssse3,sse4,popcnt,abm,mmx,avx,tune=native") // #pragma GCC optimize("-fdelete-null-pointer-checks,inline-functions-called-once,-funsafe-loop-optimizations,-fexpensive-optimizations,-foptimize-sibling-calls,-ftree-switch-conversion,-finline-small-functions,inline-small-functions,-frerun-cse-after-loop,-fhoist-adjacent-loads,-findirect-inlining,-freorder-functions,no-stack-protector,-fpartial-inlining,-fsched-interblock,-fcse-follow-jumps,-fcse-skip-blocks,-falign-functions,-fstrict-overflow,-fstrict-aliasing,-fschedule-insns2,-ftree-tail-merge,inline-functions,-fschedule-insns,-freorder-blocks,-fwhole-program,-funroll-loops,-fthread-jumps,-fcrossjumping,-fcaller-saves,-fdevirtualize,-falign-labels,-falign-loops,-falign-jumps,unroll-loops,-fsched-spec,-ffast-math,Ofast,inline,-fgcse,-fgcse-lm,-fipa-sra,-ftree-pre,-ftree-vrp,-fpeephole2",3) #include <algorithm> #include <iterator> #include <iostream> #include <cstring> #include <cstdlib> #include <iomanip> #include <bitset> #include <cctype> #include <cstdio> #include <string> #include <vector> #include <stack> #include <cmath> #include <queue> #include <list> #include <map> #include <set> #include <cassert> using namespace std; #define lson (l , mid , rt << 1) #define rson (mid + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1) #define debug(x) cerr << #x << " = " << x << " "; #define pb push_back #define pq priority_queue typedef long long ll; typedef unsigned long long ull; //typedef __int128 bll; typedef pair<ll ,ll > pll; typedef pair<int ,int > pii; typedef pair<int,pii> p3; //priority_queue<int> q;//这是一个大根堆q //priority_queue<int,vector<int>,greater<int> >q;//这是一个小根堆q #define fi first #define se second //#define endl ' ' #define OKC ios::sync_with_stdio(false);cin.tie(0) #define FT(A,B,C) for(int A=B;A <= C;++A) //用来压行 #define REP(i , j , k) for(int i = j ; i < k ; ++i) #define max3(a,b,c) max(max(a,b), c); //priority_queue<int ,vector<int>, greater<int> >que; const ll mos = 0x7FFFFFFF; //2147483647 const ll nmos = 0x80000000; //-2147483648 const int inf = 0x3f3f3f3f; const ll inff = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f; //18 const int mod = 1e9+7; const double esp = 1e-8; const double PI=acos(-1.0); const double PHI=0.61803399; //黄金分割点 const double tPHI=0.38196601; template<typename T> inline T read(T&x){ x=0;int f=0;char ch=getchar(); while (ch<'0'||ch>'9') f|=(ch=='-'),ch=getchar(); while (ch>='0'&&ch<='9') x=x*10+ch-'0',ch=getchar(); return x=f?-x:x; } /*-----------------------showtime----------------------*/ int minn = inf; int n,m; const int maxn = 50009; vector<int>mp[maxn]; int dp[maxn],d[maxn]; void dfs(int u,int fa){ dp[u] = 1; d[u] = 0; for(int i=0; i<mp[u].size(); i++){ int v = mp[u][i]; if(v == fa)continue; dfs(v, u); dp[u] += dp[v]; d[u] = max(d[u], dp[v]); } d[u] = max(d[u], n - dp[u]); minn = min(minn, d[u]); } int main(){ scanf("%d%d", &n, &m); for(int i=1; i<=m; i++){ int u,v; scanf("%d%d", &u, &v); mp[u].pb(v); mp[v].pb(u); } dfs(1, -1); // debug(minn); for(int i=1; i<=n; i++){ if(d[i] == minn){printf("%d ", i);} } printf(" "); return 0; }