执行比较耗时的操作时，尤其是那些依赖一个或多个远程服务的操作，使用异步任务可以改善程序的性能，加快程序的响应速度。forkjoin思想，任务拆分，异步或同步操作，最后join合并结果集；
CompletableFuture中4个异步执行任务静态方法
public static <U> CompletableFuture<U> supplyAsync(Supplier<U> supplier) {
return asyncSupplyStage(asyncPool, supplier);
}
public static <U> CompletableFuture<U> supplyAsync(Supplier<U> supplier,
Executor executor) {
return asyncSupplyStage(screenExecutor(executor), supplier);
}
public static CompletableFuture<Void> runAsync(Runnable runnable) {
return asyncRunStage(asyncPool, runnable);
}
public static CompletableFuture<Void> runAsync(Runnable runnable,
Executor executor) {
return asyncRunStage(screenExecutor(executor), runnable);
}
如上图，其中supplyAsync用于有返回值的任务，runAsync则用于没有返回值的任务。Executor参数可以手动指定线程池，否则默认ForkJoinPool.commonPool()系统级公共线程池，注意：这些线程都是Daemon线程，主线程结束Daemon线程不结束，只有JVM关闭时，生命周期终止。
public <U> CompletableFuture<U> thenCompose( Function<? super T, ? extends CompletionStage<U>> fn) { return uniComposeStage(null, fn); } public <U> CompletableFuture<U> thenComposeAsync( Function<? super T, ? extends CompletionStage<U>> fn) { return uniComposeStage(asyncPool, fn); } public <U> CompletableFuture<U> thenComposeAsync( Function<? super T, ? extends CompletionStage<U>> fn, Executor executor) { return uniComposeStage(screenExecutor(executor), fn); }
thenCompose()：第一个CompletableFuture执行完毕后，传递给下一个CompletionStage作为入参进行操作。
public <U,V> CompletableFuture<V> thenCombine( CompletionStage<? extends U> other, BiFunction<? super T,? super U,? extends V> fn) { return biApplyStage(null, other, fn); } public <U,V> CompletableFuture<V> thenCombineAsync( CompletionStage<? extends U> other, BiFunction<? super T,? super U,? extends V> fn) { return biApplyStage(asyncPool, other, fn); } public <U,V> CompletableFuture<V> thenCombineAsync( CompletionStage<? extends U> other, BiFunction<? super T,? super U,? extends V> fn, Executor executor) { return biApplyStage(screenExecutor(executor), other, fn); }
thenCombine()： 先完成当前CompletionStage和other 2个CompletionStage任务，然后把结果传参给BiFunction进行结果合并操作。
以上是CompletableFuture的主要几个方法，异步的方法会标注为async，java8函数式编程。
---------------------------------------------------下面demo---------------------------------------------------
public class Demo { Random random = new Random(); List<Shop> shops = Arrays.asList(new Shop("BestPrice"), new Shop("LetsSaveBig"), new Shop("MyFavoriteShop"), new Shop("BuyItAll")); /** * 正创建的是一个由守护线程构成的线程池。Java程序无法终止或者退出一个正 * 在运行中的线程，所以最后剩下的那个线程会由于一直等待无法发生的事件而引发问题。与此相 * 反，如果将线程标记为守护进程，意味着程序退出时它也会被回收。 * */ private final Executor executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(Math.min(shops.size(), 100), new ThreadFactory() { public Thread newThread(Runnable r) { Thread t = new Thread(r); t.setDaemon(true); return t; } }); //future任务异步执行 @Test public void test1() { ExecutorService executor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); Future<Double> future = executor.submit(new Callable<Double>() { public Double call() { //return doSomeLongComputation(); return new Double("1"); } }); //doSomethingElse(); try { Double result = future.get(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS); } catch (ExecutionException ee) { // 计算抛出一个异常 } catch (InterruptedException ie) { // 当前线程在等待过程中被中断 } catch (TimeoutException te) { // 在Future对象完成之前超过已过期 } } @Test public void testCompletableFuture() { //Future<Double> future = getPriceAsync("asd"); //工厂方法构建 Future<Double> future = getPriceAsync2("asd"); Double aDouble = null; try { aDouble = future.get(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (ExecutionException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("do otherthing......."); System.out.println(aDouble); System.out.println("结束。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。"); } //异步非阻塞 @Test public void testCompletableFuture2() { List<String> product = findPrices("100"); System.out.println("11111111"); List<String> product2 = findPrices2("shopname:100:GOLD"); System.out.println("22222222222"); } /** * 1.Stream<CompletableFuture<String>> 异步获取价格 * 2.转成CompletableFuture<Quote>,不涉及IO操作，调用CompletableFuture.thenApply方法，对流操作； * 3。为计算折扣价格构造Future（假设为远程服务调用，线程不切换），Discount服务获取。（依赖前一个服务的结果，作为参数） * */ public List<String> findPrices2(String product) { List<CompletableFuture<String>> priceFutures = shops.stream() .map(shop -> CompletableFuture.supplyAsync( () -> shop.getPrice(product), executor)) .map(future -> future.thenApply(Quote::parse)) .map(future -> future.thenCompose(quote -> CompletableFuture.supplyAsync( () -> Discount.applyDiscount(quote), executor))) .collect(toList()); return priceFutures.stream() .map(CompletableFuture::join) .collect(toList()); //下面操作为异步调用CompletableFuture，最后join两个结果price * rate /*Future<Double> futurePriceInUSD = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> shop.getPrice(product)) .thenCombine( CompletableFuture.supplyAsync( () -> exchangeService.getRate(Money.EUR, Money.USD)), (price, rate) -> price * rate );*/ } //异步非阻塞查询价格 public List<String> findPrices(String product) { List<CompletableFuture<String>> priceFutures = shops.stream() .map(shop -> CompletableFuture.supplyAsync( () -> shop.getName() + " price is " + shop.getPrice(product),executor)) .collect(Collectors.toList()); return priceFutures.stream() .map(CompletableFuture::join) .collect(toList()); } //工厂方法创建 public Future<Double> getPriceAsync2(String product) { return CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> calculatePrice(product)); } //CompletableFuture任务异步获取结果 public Future<Double> getPriceAsync(String product) { CompletableFuture<Double> futurePrice = new CompletableFuture<>(); new Thread(() -> { try { double price = calculatePrice(product); futurePrice.complete(price); } catch (Exception ex) { futurePrice.completeExceptionally(ex); } }).start(); return futurePrice; } private double calculatePrice(String product) { delay(); //int a = 1 / 0; return random.nextDouble() * product.charAt(0) + product.charAt(1); } public static void delay() { try { Thread.sleep(1000L); } catch (InterruptedException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } }
class Shop {
private String price;
private String name;
public Shop(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getPrice(String price) {
this.price = price;
return this.price;
}
public void setPrice(String price) {
this.price = price;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
public class Quote { private final String shopName; private final double price; private final Discount.Code discountCode; public Quote(String shopName, double price, Discount.Code code) { this.shopName = shopName; this.price = price; this.discountCode = code; } public static Quote parse(String s) { String[] split = s.split(":"); String shopName = split[0]; double price = Double.parseDouble(split[1]); Discount.Code discountCode = Discount.Code.valueOf(split[2]); return new Quote(shopName, price, discountCode); } public String getShopName() { return shopName; } public double getPrice() { return price; } public Discount.Code getDiscountCode() { return discountCode; } } class Discount { public enum Code { NONE(0), SILVER(5), GOLD(10), PLATINUM(15), DIAMOND(20); private final int percentage; Code(int percentage) { this.percentage = percentage; } } public static String applyDiscount(Quote quote) { return quote.getShopName() + " price is " + Discount.apply(quote.getPrice(), quote.getDiscountCode()); } private static double apply(double price, Code code) { delay(); //return new Double(2); return price * (100 - code.percentage) / 100.0; } }
参考：java8 in action
https://fangshixiang.blog.csdn.net/article/details/83580886