SQL语句(多表联查)

+00.创建表结构

0.1 学生表&上课记录

#1、student表
create table student(
id int auto_increment,
name char(32) not null,
age int not null,
register_data date not null,
primary key (id)) 
engine=InnoDB;


#2、student_record表
create table study_record (
  id int(11) auto_increment,
  day int NOT NULL,
  status char(32) NOT NULL,
  stu_id int(11) NOT NULL,
  primary key (id),
  CONSTRAINT fk_student_key FOREIGN KEY (stu_id) REFERENCES student (id)
)
engine=InnoDB;

0.2 在student表中创建记录

  • 在student表中创建两条记录
mysql> insert into student(name,age,register_data) values("zhangsan",100,"2016-06-20");
mysql> insert into student(name,age,register_data) values("lisi",101,"2016-06-21");

0.3 student_record表添加关联

  • 在student_record表中创建与student表的关联记录(day,status,stu_id)
mysql> insert into study_record (day,status,stu_id) values(1,"yes",1);      # student表id=1第一天到了
mysql> insert into study_record (day,status,stu_id) values(1,"yes",2);      # student表id=2第一天到了
mysql> insert into study_record (day,status,stu_id) values(1,"yes",3);      # 会报错,因为student没id=3

0.4 关联数据不能删除

  • 如果有student表中有student_record表关联的数据,你是不能删除student表中的记录(报错)
mysql> delete from student where name='lisi';

0.5 查看创建记录

  • 查看刚刚创建study_record表结构创建记录
mysql> show create table study_record;

01 left join(左连接)

  • 左连接:两个表的差集(左表有就显示)
  • 1、左连接where只影向右表,所以左表(student)中数据全部显示,右表study_record表中不符合where条件的数据不会显示
mysql> select name,day,status from student left join study_record on student.id=study_record.stu_id;

02.right join(右连接)

  • 右连接:两个表的差集(右表有才显示)

  • 1、右连接where只影向左表,所以左表(student)中不符合where条件的数据不会显示,右表study_record表内容全部显示

  • select * from student   right join    study_record  on  student.id=study_record.stu_id;
    

03.inner join(内连接)

  • 内连接:两个表的交集

  • inner join:理解为“有效连接”,两张表中都有的数据才会显示left join

select * from student  inner join  study_record  on  student.id=study_record.stu_id;      # 等价于面这条语句
select * from student,study_record where study_record.stu_id = student.id;

04.full join(全连接)

select * from a FULL JOIN b on a.a = b.b;  
# MySQL不支持这个命令(可以使用下面语句代替,两行是一个语句)
select * from student left join study_record on student.id=study_record.stu_id 
UNION
select * from student right join study_record on student.id=study_record.stu_id;

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/chao460/p/14752811.html