VC++DLL动态链接库程序

VC++DLL动态链接库程序

最近查找了一下VC++中关于编写DLL动态库的资料,主要是导出函数和导出类的编写。因为在实际项目开发中有时需要使用C++编写好DLL接口,控制设备,提供给其他语言如Nodejs、C#等使用。

C++ DLL 导出函数

使用VS2017等IDE生成dll程序,示例如下:

DllDemo
DllDemo.h

// 下列 ifdef 块是创建使从 DLL 导出更简单的
// 宏的标准方法。此 DLL 中的所有文件都是用命令行上定义的 DLLDEMO_EXPORTS
// 符号编译的。在使用此 DLL 的
// 任何其他项目上不应定义此符号。这样,源文件中包含此文件的任何其他项目都会将
// DLLDEMO_API 函数视为是从 DLL 导入的,而此 DLL 则将用此宏定义的
// 符号视为是被导出的。
#ifdef DLLDEMO_EXPORTS
#define DLLDEMO_API __declspec(dllexport)
#else
#define DLLDEMO_API __declspec(dllimport)
#endif

// 此类是从 DllDemo.dll 导出的
class DLLDEMO_API CDllDemo {
public:
	CDllDemo(void);
	// TODO:  在此添加您的方法。
};

extern DLLDEMO_API int nDllDemo;

// 加上extern "C"表示是一个C函数,不重载
extern "C" DLLDEMO_API int fnDllDemo(void);

DllDemo.cpp

// DllDemo.cpp : 定义 DLL 应用程序的导出函数。
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "DllDemo.h"

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// 这是导出变量的一个示例
DLLDEMO_API int nDllDemo=0;

// 这是导出函数的一个示例。
DLLDEMO_API int fnDllDemo(void)
{
	cout << "fnDllDemo(void) called" << endl;

	return 42;
}

// 这是已导出类的构造函数。
// 有关类定义的信息,请参阅 DllDemo.h
CDllDemo::CDllDemo()
{
	cout << "CDllDemo::CDllDemo() called" << endl;

	return;
}

dllmain.cpp

// dllmain.cpp : 定义 DLL 应用程序的入口点。
#include "stdafx.h"

BOOL APIENTRY DllMain( HMODULE hModule,
                       DWORD  ul_reason_for_call,
                       LPVOID lpReserved
					 )
{
	switch (ul_reason_for_call)
	{
	case DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH:
	case DLL_THREAD_ATTACH:
	case DLL_THREAD_DETACH:
	case DLL_PROCESS_DETACH:
		break;
	}
	return TRUE;
}

DLL的测试程序
使用VS2017创建一个基于Win32的控制台应用程序testDllDemo:
testDllDemo.cpp

// testDllDemo.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//

#include "stdafx.h"

#include <stdio.h>
#include <Windows.h>

typedef int(*dllpFun)(void);

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
	HMODULE hDll = LoadLibrary(L"DllDemo.dll");

	if (!hDll)
	{
		return -1;
	}

	dllpFun pFunc = (dllpFun)GetProcAddress(hDll, "fnDllDemo");

	pFunc();

	FreeLibrary(hDll);

	getchar();

	return 0;
}

C++ DLL 导出类

1.导出类中第一种方法:简单导出类(不推荐使用)

简单导出类的示例程序

NaiveApproach.h

//2011.10.6
//cswuyg
//dll导出类,比较差劲的方法
#pragma once
// The following ifdef block is the standard way of creating macros which make exporting 
// from a DLL simpler. All files within this DLL are compiled with the NAIVEAPPROACH_EXPORTS
// symbol defined on the command line. this symbol should not be defined on any project
// that uses this DLL. This way any other project whose source files include this file see 
// NAIVEAPPROACH_API functions as being imported from a DLL, whereas this DLL sees symbols
// defined with this macro as being exported.
#ifdef NAIVEAPPROACH_EXPORTS
#define NAIVEAPPROACH_API __declspec(dllexport)
#else
#define NAIVEAPPROACH_API __declspec(dllimport)
#endif



//基类也必须导出,否则警告:
class  NAIVEAPPROACH_API CBase
{
public:
	void Test();
private:
	int m_j;
};

//也必须导出
class NAIVEAPPROACH_API CDate
{
public:
	void Test2();
private:
	int m_k;
};

class NAIVEAPPROACH_API CNaiveApproach : public CBase
{
public:
	CNaiveApproach(int i = 0);
	// TODO: add your methods here.
	void Func();
private:
	int m_iwuyg;
	CDate m_dobj;
};

NaiveApproach.cpp

// NaiveApproach.cpp : Defines the entry point for the DLL application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "NaiveApproach.h"


#ifdef _MANAGED
#pragma managed(push, off)
#endif

BOOL APIENTRY DllMain( HMODULE hModule,
                       DWORD  ul_reason_for_call,
                       LPVOID lpReserved
					 )
{
	switch (ul_reason_for_call)
	{
	case DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH:
	case DLL_THREAD_ATTACH:
	case DLL_THREAD_DETACH:
	case DLL_PROCESS_DETACH:
		break;
	}
    return TRUE;
}

#ifdef _MANAGED
#pragma managed(pop)
#endif


// This is the constructor of a class that has been exported.
// see NaiveApproach.h for the class definition
CNaiveApproach::CNaiveApproach(int i) : m_iwuyg(i)
{
}

void CNaiveApproach::Func()
{
	wcout << L" cswuyg test dll , i = " << m_iwuyg << endl;
	system("pause");
}

void CBase::Test()
{
	wcout << L"Just a  Test" << endl;
	system("pause");
}

void CDate::Test2()
{
	wcout << L"Test 2" << endl;
	system("pause");
}

UserDll.cpp

// User.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "NaiveApproach.h"
#pragma comment(lib, "../debug/NaiveApproach.lib")

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
	//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	CNaiveApproach obj(10);
	obj.Test();
	obj.Func();
	//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	return 0;
}

简单导出类的缺点

这种简单导出类的方式,除了导出的东西太多、使用者对类的实现依赖太多以外,还有其他问题:必须保证使用同一种编译器。导出类的本质是导出类里的函数,因为语法上直接导出了类,没有对函数的调用方式、重命名进行设置,导致了产生的dll并不通用。

2.导出类的一种通用方法(推荐):使用接口

定义一个抽象类(都是纯虚函数),调用者跟dll共用一个抽象类的头文件,dll中实现此抽象类的派生类,dll最少只需要提供一个用于获取抽象类对象指针的接口。
写一个基类,方法都为虚函数,这样使用dll的exe使用都没问题。
dll的类从基类 派生,然后返回基类接口即可。
面向抽象设计优点:这种方式利用了C++类的虚函数,类似COM思想,采用接口跟实现分离,可以使得工程的结构更清晰,使用者只需要知道接口,而无需知道具体实现,产生的DLL通用没有特定环境限制。
注意事项:调用者跟DLL共用一个抽象类的头文件,调用者依赖于DLL的东西很少,只需要知道抽象类的接口,以及获取对象指针的导出函数,对象内存空间的申请和释放都在DLL模块中完成

导出类的较好方式 DLL示例程序

ExportClassImpl.h

//2011.10.6
//cswuyg
//dll导出类
// 实现类
#pragma once

#include "MatureApproach.h"

class ExportImpl : public IExport
{
public:
  virtual void Hi();
  virtual void Test();
  virtual void Release();
  ~ExportImpl();
private:
};

MatureApproach.h

//2011.10.6
//cswuyg
//dll导出类
//dll跟其使用者共用的头文件
#pragma  once
// The following ifdef block is the standard way of creating macros which make exporting 
// from a DLL simpler. All files within this DLL are compiled with the MATUREAPPROACH_EXPORTS
// symbol defined on the command line. this symbol should not be defined on any project
// that uses this DLL. This way any other project whose source files include this file see 
// MATUREAPPROACH_API functions as being imported from a DLL, whereas this DLL sees symbols
// defined with this macro as being exported.
#ifdef MATUREAPPROACH_EXPORTS
#define MATUREAPPROACH_API __declspec(dllexport)
#else
#define MATUREAPPROACH_API __declspec(dllimport)
#endif

class IExport 
{
public:
	virtual void Hi() = 0;
	virtual void Test() = 0; 
	virtual void Release() = 0;
};


extern "C" MATUREAPPROACH_API IExport* _stdcall CreateExportObj();
extern "C" MATUREAPPROACH_API void _stdcall DestroyExportObj(IExport* pExport);

ExportClassImpl.cpp

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "ExportClassImpl.h"

void ExportImpl::Hi()
{
	wcout << L"Hello World" << endl;
}

void ExportImpl::Test()
{
	wcout << L"Hi cswuyg" << endl;
}

void ExportImpl::Release()
{
	delete this;
}

ExportImpl::~ExportImpl()
{
	cout << "Release OK" << endl;
}

MatureApproach.cpp

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "ExportClassImpl.h"

void ExportImpl::Hi()
{
	wcout << L"Hello World" << endl;
}

void ExportImpl::Test()
{
	wcout << L"Hi cswuyg" << endl;
}

void ExportImpl::Release()
{
	delete this;
}

ExportImpl::~ExportImpl()
{
	cout << "Release OK" << endl;
}

MatureApproach.def

LIBRARY	"MatureApproach"
EXPORTS
CreateExportObj @ 1
DestroyExportObj @ 2

测试调用DLL的Win32控制台程序 UserDll.cpp

// User.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "MatureApproach.h"

#pragma comment(lib, "../debug/MatureApproach.lib")

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
	IExport* pExport = CreateExportObj();
	pExport->Hi();
	pExport->Test();
	DestroyExportObj(pExport);
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

参考资料

参考了相关的资料网址:
[HowTo: Export C++ classes from a DLL]: https://www.codeproject.com/Articles/28969/HowTo-Export-C-classes-from-a-DLL
[Explicitly Linking to Classes in DLL’s ]: http://www.codeguru.com/Cpp/W-P/dll/importexportissues/article.php/c123
[C++ DLL导出类 知识大全]: https://www.cnblogs.com/lidabo/p/7121745.html
[怎样从一个DLL中导出一个C++类]: https://blog.csdn.net/liubing8609/article/details/82156067
[DLL导出C++类]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33757398/article/details/82229325
VC++DLL动态链接库编程-网易云课堂视频基础教程

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/ccf19881030/p/12004817.html