R中rep函数的使用

官方帮助文档如下写的：

Usage

rep(x, ...)

rep.int(x, times)

rep_len(x, length.out)

Arguments

`x`	a vector (of any mode including a list) or a factor or (for `rep` only) a `POSIXct` or `POSIXlt` or `Date` object; or an S4 object containing such an object.
`...`	further arguments to be passed to or from other methods. For the internal default method these can include: `times` A integer vector giving the (non-negative) number of times to repeat each element if of length `length(x)`, or to repeat the whole vector if of length 1. Negative or `NA` values are an error. `length.out` non-negative integer. The desired length of the output vector. Other inputs will be coerced to an integer vector and the first element taken. Ignored if `NA` or invalid. `each` non-negative integer. Each element of `x` is repeated `each` times. Other inputs will be coerced to an integer vector and the first element taken. Treated as `1` if `NA` or invalid.
`times`	see `...`.
`length.out`	non-negative integer: the desired length of the output vector.

rep函数有4个参数：x向量或者类向量的对象,each：x元素每个重复次数,times:each后的向量的处理，如果times是单个值，则each后的值整体重复times次数，如果是x each后的向量相等长度的向量，则对each后的每个元素重复times同一位置的元素的次数，否则会报错；length.out指times处理后的向量最终输出的长度，如果长于生成的向量，则补齐。也就是说rep会先处理each参数，生成一个向量X1，然后times再对X1进行处理生成X2，length.out在对X2进行处理生成最终输出的向量X3。下面是示例：

> rep(1:4,times=c(1,2,3,4)) #与向量x等长times模式
[1] 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 4
> rep(1:4,times=c(1,2,3)) #非等长模式，出现错误
Error in rep(1:4, times = c(1, 2, 3)) : invalid 'times' argument
> rep(1:4,each=2,times=c(1,2,3,4)) #还是非等长模式，因为each后的向量有8位，而不是4位
Error in rep(1:4, each = 2, times = c(1, 2, 3, 4)) :
invalid 'times' argument
> rep(1:4,times=c(1,2,3,4)) #等长模式，我写重了o(╯□╰)o
[1] 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 4
> rep(1:4,times=c(1,2,3,4),each=3) #重复的例子啊，莫拍我
Error in rep(1:4, times = c(1, 2, 3, 4), each = 3) :
invalid 'times' argument
> rep(1:4,each=2,times=1:8) #正确值，times8位长度向量
[1] 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
> rep(1:4,each=2,times=1:8,len=3) #len的使用，循环补齐注意下
[1] 1 1 2
> rep(1:4,each=2,times=3) #先each后times
[1] 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
>rep函数完毕！