Python学习笔记（24）网络编程requests模块、jsonpath模块

一、requests模块

　　request模块是一个第三方模块，可用于HTTP接口测试

　　HTTP接口常用方法：get请求、post请求、发送header、发送cookie、发送json、下载文件、上传文件

　　GET请求：

import requests
url = 'http://api.****.cn/api/user/stu_info'


#get请求
req = requests.get(url,params={'stu_name':'abc'})
print(req.json()) #返回的json直接帮你转成了字典
print(req.text) #返回的就是字符串,如果返回的不是json的话，就要用它了
print(req.status_code) #返回的http状态码
print(req.content)  #返回的bytes类型的，下载文件的时候用它

　　POST请求：

import requests
#post请求
url="http://api.****.cn/api/user/login"
req = requests.post(url,data={"username":"****","passwd":"aA123456"})
print(req.json())

　　发送cookie:

import requests
#qq群管理
#使用浏览器开发者工具获得接口
#QQ群管理地址：https://qun.qq.com/member.html
# url = 'https://qun.qq.com/cgi-bin/qun_mgr/get_group_list'
# data = {"bkn": 1987868296}
#传cookie两种方式：1、使用cookies={}来传
#将字符串类型的cookie转换为字典
#1.使用cookies={}来传,cookies中必须传字典类型
# s = '_qpsvr_localtk=0.9012023292190232; pgv_pvi=4462138368; pgv_si=s1034338304; uin=o1345741814; skey=@MuFHVWyJC; RK=jloomAjTbY; ptcz=96f512726408f5c2cb47965484725b46e5a4c753b1b2bbcbe8821134be7d3764; p_uin=o1345741814; pt4_token=34aj2ZvqVlX40QMhCU2XqMk6zJsv3nQtbVaR3Xeg2Yw_; p_skey=UcydxmonceN8i3FE7PGSbckH1CZ0kpjvRU8x2mqrmKo_; traceid=3664fbb14c'
# d = {}#将字符串转换为字典
# for c in s.split(';'):
#     k,v = c.strip().split('=')
#     d[k] = v
# req = requests.post(url,data,cookies=d)
# print(req.json())

　　发送header(以cookie为例):

import requests
#使用header对QQ群管理传递cookie
header = {'cookie':"pgv_pvi=6636933120; RK=gRZhhBpNbS; ptcz=14bab564718e3e1048a09cc0e18a23f7c51f20d5b93da610cc1427f51f63a2f8; pgv_pvid=4990195883; ts_uid=5190463916; uin=o0511402865; pgv_si=s7505852416; skey=@2ttDS8Ljw; p_uin=o0511402865; pt4_token=AgqIsYBhO1b82zx1N4SxoGpCxGV0d38ss7jCI1nYfIg_; p_skey=9nlMjw4Uy44*Hu5iL3DOFonmAtZtExiniLykrsIRKmM_; traceid=14035c8a79"}
req = requests.post(url,data,headers=header)#headers中传的header的字典key必须为'cookie'
print(req.json())

　　发送json:

# url="https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=44402c9408df8cf3f429c02a20399fc34604f98cf572fcae26176a7"
# today = datetime.datetime.now()
# d = {"msgtype": "text","text": {"content": "现在是%s，大家不要忘记写作业哦！暗号：besttest"%today} }
# req = requests.post(url,json=d)
# print(req.json())
# print(req.cookies) #获取cookies

　　下载文件：

import requests
#下载QQ头像，地址为："https://q4.qlogo.cn/g?b=qq&nk=1345741814&s=140"，nk为QQ号
url = "https://q4.qlogo.cn/g?b=qq&nk=1345741814&s=140"#获取QQ用户头像接口
req = requests.get(url)

f = open('wjl.jpg','wb')#打开文件，wb为写字节格式
f.write(req.content)#content获取所有的字节数据
f.close()

　　上传文件：

import requests
#上传文件
url = "http://api.****.cn/api/file/file_upload"
f = open('sxy.mp4','rb')

#1、文件上传content-type为json格式时
#data = {'file':f}

#2、文件上传格式为form-data时
data = {'file':(filename,f,''image/jpeg'')}

r = requests.post(url,files=data)
print(r.json())
f.close()

二、jsonpath模块

　　背景：由于接口返回的json中的数据可能会被包裹很多层，一层层的取值比较麻烦，不停的get(key),此时引入jsonpath模块，使得找key更简单

　　安装jsonpath模块，pip install jsonpath

import jsonpath
d = {
        "error_code": 0,
        "stu_info": [
                {
                        "id": 1779,
                        "name": "abc",
                        "sex": "男",
                        "age": 18,
                        "addr": "北京市昌平区",
                        "grade": "1",
                        "phone": "12355456643",
                        "gold": 100
                },
                {
                        "id": 1788,
                        "name": "abc",
                        "sex": "男",
                        "age": 18,
                        "addr": "北京市昌平区",
                        "grade": "2",
                        "phone": "12355456663",
                        "gold": 100
                },
                {
                        "id": 1811,
                        "name": "abc",
                        "sex": "男",
                        "age": 18,
                        "addr": "北京市昌平区",
                        "grade": "2",
                        "phone": "24214124144",
                        "gold": 100
                },
                {
                        "id": 1831,
                        "name": "abc",
                        "sex": "男",
                        "age": 18,
                        "addr": "北京市昌平区",
                        "grade": "2",
                        "phone": "13849504275",
                        "gold": 100
                }
        ]
}
result = jsonpath.jsonpath(d,'$..gold')#第一个入参传入需要解析的json，第二入参需要使用$.. 拼接key，结果返回一个列表
print(result)

　　返回结果：

[100, 100, 100, 100]