pytest 多个PY文件执行时共享变量及用fixture和conftest

1.pytest需要测试多个py文件，这些文件有一定的依赖关系，同时执行的时候，需要只执行一次初始化setup，结束再执行一次teardown；

2.多个py文件需要使用pytest的conftest.py,这个文件名是固定的，在同级目录还需要__init__.py；

3.由于setup这种经典的初始化方法只支持module,class.method,function,setup

　　module: 一个py文件只运行一次，里面可以是class和function；

　　class: 每个class执行一次；

　　method: class里面的每个函数执行一次；

　　function ：每个函数执行一次（函数不在class中）；

　　setup: 最小层级，每个函数运行一次；在allure报告中，现在在Test body中；其他级别显示在的setup中；

4.经典初始化不支持多个py初始化，只能选用fixture;

　　scope值：默认是function；

　　session 多个py文件；

　　module 一个py文件里面多个class或function；

　　class： class级别；

　　function：函数级别；

由于我们是多个py所以，只能选择session；

yield 是setup和teardown分界线；

@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def start_up_session():
    try:
        
        case_name = os.path.basename(__file__).replace('.py', '')
        print(case_name + " start")
        # yield 前面的是tearup的操作
        yield case_name
        # yield 后面的是teardown的操作
        print(case_name + " finish")

　　autouse = True fixture里面有个参数autouse，默认是Fasle没开启的，可以设置为True开启自动使用fixture功能，这样用例就不用每次都去传参了；

@pytest.fixture(scope="function", autouse=True)
def get_status():
    case_name = os.path.basename(os.path.abspath(__file__)).replace(".py", "")
    print(case_name + " begin")
    yield 1 if case_name.isalnum() else 0
    print(case_name + " finish")

# 不传参数get_tstus也会运行
def test_1():
    print(1111)


def test_name():
    print(2222)


if __name__ == "__mian__":
    pytest.main(["-s", "test_base.py"])
=========================================
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.8, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1 -- C:Program FilesPython36python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
metadata: {'Python': '3.6.8', 'Platform': 'Windows-10-10.0.18362-SP0', 'Packages': {'pytest': '5.4.2', 'py': '1.8.1', 'pluggy': '0.13.1'}, 'Plugins': {'allure-pytest': '2.8.13', 'cov': '2.8.1', 'forked': '1.1.3', 'html': '2.1.1', 'metadata': '1.9.0', 'ordering': '0.6', 'rerunfailures': '9.0', 'timeout': '1.3.4', 'xdist': '1.32.0'}, 'JAVA_HOME': 'C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_202'}
rootdir: F:ShenjuCloudTestAPP
plugins: allure-pytest-2.8.13, cov-2.8.1, forked-1.1.3, html-2.1.1, metadata-1.9.0, ordering-0.6, rerunfailures-9.0, timeout-1.3.4, xdist-1.32.0
collecting ... collected 2 items

test_base.py::test_1 test_base begin
PASSED                                              [ 50%]1111
test_base finish

test_base.py::test_name test_base begin
PASSED                                           [100%]2222
test_base finish


============================== 2 passed in 0.03s ==============================

Process finished with exit code 0

autouse = True fixture里面有个参数autouse，默认是Fasle没开启的，需要显示调用；

import pytest
import os

# 默认autouse=Fasle
@pytest.fixture(scope="function")
def get_status():
    case_name = os.path.basename(os.path.abspath(__file__)).replace(".py", "")
    print(case_name + " begin")
    yield 1 if case_name.isalnum() else 0
    print(case_name + " finish")

# 显式调用
@pytest.mark.usefixtures("get_status")
def test_1():
    print(1111)

# 显式调用
@pytest.mark.usefixtures("get_status")
def test_name():
    print(2222)


if __name__ == "__mian__":
    pytest.main(["-s", "test_base.py"])

5.fixture 需要返回值：用传参数调用：在函数参数中，插入fixture的参数；

import pytest
import os


@pytest.fixture(scope="function", autouse=True)
def get_status():
    case_name = os.path.basename(os.path.abspath(__file__)).replace(".py", "")
    print(case_name + " begin")
    yield 1 if case_name.isalnum() else 0
    print(case_name + " finish")


def test_1(get_status):
    num = get_status
    assert num == 0
    print(1111)


def test_name(get_status):
    num = get_status
    assert num < 1
    print(2222)


if __name__ == "__mian__":
    pytest.main(["-s", "test_base.py"])
===================================

============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.8, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1 -- C:Program FilesPython36python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
metadata: {'Python': '3.6.8', 'Platform': 'Windows-10-10.0.18362-SP0', 'Packages': {'pytest': '5.4.2', 'py': '1.8.1', 'pluggy': '0.13.1'}, 'Plugins': {'allure-pytest': '2.8.13', 'cov': '2.8.1', 'forked': '1.1.3', 'html': '2.1.1', 'metadata': '1.9.0', 'ordering': '0.6', 'rerunfailures': '9.0', 'timeout': '1.3.4', 'xdist': '1.32.0'}, 'JAVA_HOME': 'C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_202'}
rootdir: F:ShenjuCloudTestAPP
plugins: allure-pytest-2.8.13, cov-2.8.1, forked-1.1.3, html-2.1.1, metadata-1.9.0, ordering-0.6, rerunfailures-9.0, timeout-1.3.4, xdist-1.32.0
collecting ... collected 2 items

test_base.py::test_1 test_base begin
PASSED                                              [ 50%]1111
test_base finish

test_base.py::test_name test_base begin
PASSED                                           [100%]2222
test_base finish

6.fixture 不需要返回值：除了用传参数调用，还可以用@pytest.mark.usefixtures()；对class和函数都可以使用，记得和scope搭配；

import pytest
import os


@pytest.fixture(scope="function", autouse=True)
def get_status():
    case_name = os.path.basename(os.path.abspath(__file__)).replace(".py", "")
    print(case_name + " begin")
    yield 1 if case_name.isalnum() else 0
    print(case_name + " finish")

@pytest.mark.usefixtures("get_status")
def test_1():
    print(1111)

@pytest.mark.usefixtures("get_status")
def test_name():
    print(2222)


if __name__ == "__mian__":
    pytest.main(["-s", "test_base.py"])
=======================================
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.8, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1 -- C:Program FilesPython36python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
metadata: {'Python': '3.6.8', 'Platform': 'Windows-10-10.0.18362-SP0', 'Packages': {'pytest': '5.4.2', 'py': '1.8.1', 'pluggy': '0.13.1'}, 'Plugins': {'allure-pytest': '2.8.13', 'cov': '2.8.1', 'forked': '1.1.3', 'html': '2.1.1', 'metadata': '1.9.0', 'ordering': '0.6', 'rerunfailures': '9.0', 'timeout': '1.3.4', 'xdist': '1.32.0'}, 'JAVA_HOME': 'C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_202'}
rootdir: F:ShenjuCloudTestAPP
plugins: allure-pytest-2.8.13, cov-2.8.1, forked-1.1.3, html-2.1.1, metadata-1.9.0, ordering-0.6, rerunfailures-9.0, timeout-1.3.4, xdist-1.32.0
collecting ... collected 2 items

test_base.py::test_1 test_base begin
PASSED                                              [ 50%]1111
test_base finish

test_base.py::test_name test_base begin
PASSED                                           [100%]2222
test_base finish

7. 多个py文件使用conftest.py，名字固定，不要改；

　　同级需要有__init__.py；

　　千万不要通过import导入conftest，否则每个py文件都会运行一遍conftest.py, 无法起到多个py只执行一次作用；pytest执行的时候自动去读conftest.py配置；

import pytest
import os

# conftest.py

@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def get_status():
    case_name = os.path.basename(os.path.abspath(__file__)).replace(".py", "")
    print(case_name + " begin")
    yield 1 if case_name.isalnum() else 0
    print(case_name + " finish")

import pytest
import os

# test_base 不传参数，不要返回值

@pytest.mark.usefixtures("get_status")
def test_1():
    print(1111)


@pytest.mark.usefixtures("get_status")
def test_name():
    print(2222)


if __name__ == "__mian__":
    pytest.main(["-s", "test_base.py"])
====================================================================

============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.8, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1 -- C:Program FilesPython36python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
metadata: {'Python': '3.6.8', 'Platform': 'Windows-10-10.0.18362-SP0', 'Packages': {'pytest': '5.4.2', 'py': '1.8.1', 'pluggy': '0.13.1'}, 'Plugins': {'allure-pytest': '2.8.13', 'cov': '2.8.1', 'forked': '1.1.3', 'html': '2.1.1', 'metadata': '1.9.0', 'ordering': '0.6', 'rerunfailures': '9.0', 'timeout': '1.3.4', 'xdist': '1.32.0'}, 'JAVA_HOME': 'C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_202'}
rootdir: F:ShenjuCloudTestAPP
plugins: allure-pytest-2.8.13, cov-2.8.1, forked-1.1.3, html-2.1.1, metadata-1.9.0, ordering-0.6, rerunfailures-9.0, timeout-1.3.4, xdist-1.32.0
collecting ... collected 2 items

test/test_base.py::test_1 conftest begin
PASSED [ 50%]1111

test/test_base.py::test_name PASSED [100%]2222
conftest finish

============================== 2 passed in 0.03s ==============================

Process finished with exit code 0

import pytest
import os

# test_base1 传参数，需要返回值；
def test_1(get_status):
    print("test_1" + str(get_status))
    print(1111)


def test_name(get_status):
    print("test_name" + str(get_status))
    print(2222)


if __name__ == "__mian__":
    pytest.main(["-s", "test_base.py"])
==========================================
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.8, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1 -- C:Program FilesPython36python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
metadata: {'Python': '3.6.8', 'Platform': 'Windows-10-10.0.18362-SP0', 'Packages': {'pytest': '5.4.2', 'py': '1.8.1', 'pluggy': '0.13.1'}, 'Plugins': {'allure-pytest': '2.8.13', 'cov': '2.8.1', 'forked': '1.1.3', 'html': '2.1.1', 'metadata': '1.9.0', 'ordering': '0.6', 'rerunfailures': '9.0', 'timeout': '1.3.4', 'xdist': '1.32.0'}, 'JAVA_HOME': 'C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_202'}
rootdir: F:ShenjuCloudTestAPP	est
plugins: allure-pytest-2.8.13, cov-2.8.1, forked-1.1.3, html-2.1.1, metadata-1.9.0, ordering-0.6, rerunfailures-9.0, timeout-1.3.4, xdist-1.32.0
collecting ... collected 2 items

test_base1.py::test_1 conftest begin
PASSED                                             [ 50%]test_11
1111

test_base1.py::test_name PASSED                                          [100%]test_name1
2222
conftest finish


============================== 2 passed in 0.05s ==============================