Android12升级
工作需要升级到编译版本31 在这里记录一下遇到的问题。
错误：Manifest merger failedManifest merger failed 这个问题通常搜到的答案是manifest文件格式错误，但这是由于升级编译版本的原因，在Android SDK 31中，需要明确声明组件的 exported属性 android:exported="true" 官方文档如下：
这意味这我们的manifest中每个组件的字段都需要添加exported的属性，包括所有依赖的库和module，主工程和module可以自己修改，但如果依赖的库没有写规范，结果会编译成功后在Android12版本上不能正确安装，而远程依赖的库和插件是不好修改的。此时要用到Android构建特性，Android在打包过程中，所有的组件和依赖产生的manifest文件将集合到一起，同时主manifest即我们app的manifest文件将会被重写，所以可以用gradle文件Groovy脚本实现。
具体在GitHub上有实现，笔者在此只是转载：https://github.com/phamtdat/AndroidSnippets/blob/master/Android12AndroidManifestAddMissingAndroidExported/build.gradle
具体代码如下：
import org.w3c.dom.Element
import org.w3c.dom.Node
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer
def addAndroidExportedIfNecessary(File manifestFile) {
def manifestAltered = false
def reader = manifestFile.newReader()
def document = groovy.xml.DOMBuilder.parse(reader)
def application = document.getElementsByTagName("application").item(0)
if (application != null) {
println "Searching for activities, services and receivers with intent filters..."
application.childNodes.each { child ->
def childNodeName = child.nodeName
if (childNodeName == "activity" || childNodeName == "activity-alias" ||
childNodeName == "service" || childNodeName == "receiver") {
def attributes = child.getAttributes()
if (attributes.getNamedItem("android:exported") == null) {
def intentFilters = child.childNodes.findAll {
it.nodeName == "intent-filter"
}
if (intentFilters.size() > 0) {
println "found ${childNodeName} ${attributes.getNamedItem("android:name").nodeValue} " +
"with intent filters but without android:exported attribute"
def exportedAttrAdded = false
for (def i = 0; i < intentFilters.size(); i++) {
def intentFilter = intentFilters[i]
def actions = intentFilter.childNodes.findAll {
it.nodeName == "action"
}
for (def j = 0; j < actions.size(); j++) {
def action = actions[j]
def actionName = action.getAttributes().getNamedItem("android:name").nodeValue
if (actionName == "com.google.firebase.MESSAGING_EVENT") {
println "adding exported=false to ${attributes.getNamedItem("android:name")}..."
((Element) child).setAttribute("android:exported", "false")
manifestAltered = true
exportedAttrAdded = true
}
}
}
if (!exportedAttrAdded) {
println "adding exported=true to ${attributes.getNamedItem("android:name")}..."
((Element) child).setAttribute("android:exported", "true")
manifestAltered = true
}
}
}
}
}
}
if (manifestAltered) {
document.setXmlStandalone(true)
Transformer transformer = TransformerFactory.newInstance().newTransformer()
DOMSource source = new DOMSource(document)
FileWriter writer = new FileWriter(manifestFile)
StreamResult result = new StreamResult(writer)
transformer.transform(source, result)
println "Done adding missing android:exported attributes to your AndroidManifest.xml. You may want to" +
"additionally prettify it in Android Studio using [command + option + L](mac) or [CTRL+ALT+L](windows)."
} else {
println "Hooray, your AndroidManifest.xml did not need any change."
}
}
def getMissingAndroidExportedComponents(File manifestFile) {
List<Node> nodesFromDependencies = new ArrayList<>()
def reader = manifestFile.newReader()
def document = groovy.xml.DOMBuilder.parse(reader)
def application = document.getElementsByTagName("application").item(0)
if (application != null) {
println "Searching for activities, services and receivers with intent filters..."
application.childNodes.each { child ->
def childNodeName = child.nodeName
if (childNodeName == "activity" || childNodeName == "activity-alias" ||
childNodeName == "service" || childNodeName == "receiver") {
def attributes = child.getAttributes()
if (attributes.getNamedItem("android:exported") == null) {
def intentFilters = child.childNodes.findAll {
it.nodeName == "intent-filter"
}
if (intentFilters.size() > 0) {
println "found ${childNodeName} ${attributes.getNamedItem("android:name").nodeValue} " +
"with intent filters but without android:exported attribute"
def exportedAttrAdded = false
for (def i = 0; i < intentFilters.size(); i++) {
def intentFilter = intentFilters[i]
def actions = intentFilter.childNodes.findAll {
it.nodeName == "action"
}
for (def j = 0; j < actions.size(); j++) {
def action = actions[j]
def actionName = action.getAttributes().getNamedItem("android:name").nodeValue
if (actionName == "com.google.firebase.MESSAGING_EVENT") {
println "adding exported=false to ${attributes.getNamedItem("android:name")}..."
((Element) child).setAttribute("android:exported", "false")
exportedAttrAdded = true
}
}
}
if (!exportedAttrAdded) {
println "adding exported=true to ${attributes.getNamedItem("android:name")}..."
((Element) child).setAttribute("android:exported", "true")
}
nodesFromDependencies.add(child)
}
}
}
}
}
return nodesFromDependencies
}
def addManifestFileComponents(File manifestFile, List<Node> components) {
def reader = manifestFile.newReader()
def document = groovy.xml.DOMBuilder.parse(reader)
def application = document.getElementsByTagName("application").item(0)
if (application != null) {
println "Adding missing components with android:exported attribute to ${manifestFile.absolutePath} ..."
components.each { node ->
Node importedNode = document.importNode(node, true)
application.appendChild(importedNode)
}
}
if (components.size() > 0) {
document.setXmlStandalone(true)
Transformer transformer = TransformerFactory.newInstance().newTransformer()
DOMSource source = new DOMSource(document)
FileWriter writer = new FileWriter(manifestFile)
StreamResult result = new StreamResult(writer)
transformer.transform(source, result)
println "Added missing app-dependencies components with android:exported attributes to your " +
"AndroidManifest.xml.You may want to additionally prettify it in Android Studio using " +
"[command + option + L](mac) or [CTRL+ALT+L](windows)."
}
println "----"
}
task doAddAndroidExportedIfNecessary {
doLast {
def root = new File(project.rootDir, "")
if (root.isDirectory()) {
def children = root.listFiles()
for (def i = 0; i < children.size(); i++) {
File child = children[i]
if (child.isDirectory()) {
File srcDirectory = new File(child, "src")
if (srcDirectory.exists() && srcDirectory.isDirectory()) {
def srcChildren = srcDirectory.listFiles()
for (def j = 0; j < srcChildren.size(); j++) {
File manifestFile = new File(srcChildren[j], "AndroidManifest.xml")
if (manifestFile.exists() && manifestFile.isFile()) {
println "found manifest file: ${manifestFile.absolutePath}"
addAndroidExportedIfNecessary(manifestFile)
println "-----"
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
task doAddAndroidExportedForDependencies {
doLast {
List<Node> missingComponents = new ArrayList<>()
def root = new File(project.rootDir, "")
if (root.isDirectory()) {
def children = root.listFiles()
for (def i = 0; i < children.size(); i++) {
File child = children[i]
if (child.isDirectory()) {
File mergedManifestsDirectory = new File(child, "build/intermediates/merged_manifests")
if (mergedManifestsDirectory.exists() && mergedManifestsDirectory.isDirectory()) {
def manifestFiles = mergedManifestsDirectory.listFiles().findAll { directoryChild ->
directoryChild.isDirectory() &&
(new File(directoryChild, "AndroidManifest.xml")).exists()
}.stream().map { directoryWithManifest ->
new File(directoryWithManifest, "AndroidManifest.xml")
}.toArray()
if (manifestFiles.size() > 0) {
File mergedManifest = manifestFiles[0]
if (mergedManifest.exists() && mergedManifest.isFile()) {
missingComponents = getMissingAndroidExportedComponents(mergedManifest)
if (missingComponents.size() > 0) {
File srcDirectory = new File(child, "src")
if (srcDirectory.exists() && srcDirectory.isDirectory()) {
def srcChildren = srcDirectory.listFiles()
for (def j = 0; j < srcChildren.size(); j++) {
File manifestFile = new File(srcChildren[j], "AndroidManifest.xml")
if (manifestFile.exists() && manifestFile.isFile()) {
addManifestFileComponents(manifestFile, missingComponents)
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
具体使用方法将此代码加入app中的gradle中，也可以抽出为独立gradle文件，在build后执行doAddAndroidExportedIfNecessary 任务，如果成功后会在app中的manifest文件中找到遍历出来未明确表明的exported得组件声明。
如果失败的话可以尝试将SDK版本降到30在执行构建任务再提高编译版本。之后就可以开启12的特新测试了。在此感谢提供脚本的大佬。