参考资料：
https://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/5543166
https://www.cnblogs.com/guilingyang/p/6074867.html
现象1：
1、动态注册
参数文件中指定service_names（多个服务名vmdb,sn01,sn02），8i以后数据库实例启动后，会根据参数文件的service_names以及instance_name动态注册到监听器：
1 SQL> show parameter service_names; 2 3 NAME TYPE VALUE 4 ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ 5 service_names string vmdb,sn01,sn02 6 SQL> show parameter instance_name; 7 8 NAME TYPE VALUE 9 ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ 10 instance_name string vmdb
2、静态注册
实例启动时读取文件$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora文件的配置，将实例和服务注册到监听程序。listener.ora文件配置如下：
1 SID_LIST_LISTENER = 2 (SID_LIST = 3 (SID_DESC = 4 (GLOBAL_DBNAME = sn03) 5 (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1) 6 (SID_NAME = vmdb) 7 ) 8 ) 9 10 LISTENER = 11 (DESCRIPTION = 12 (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = CentOS)(PORT = 1521)) 13 ) 14 15 ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
3、先启动数据库再启动监听
1 SQL> startup 2 ORACLE instance started. 3 4 Total System Global Area 776646656 bytes 5 Fixed Size 2217384 bytes 6 Variable Size 583010904 bytes 7 Database Buffers 188743680 bytes 8 Redo Buffers 2674688 bytes 9 Database mounted. 10 Database opened.
1 [oracle@CentOS ~]$ lsnrctl start 2 3 LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 28-MAR-2018 13:03:11 4 5 Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 6 7 TNS-01106: Listener using listener name LISTENER has already been started 8 [oracle@CentOS ~]$ lsnrctl reload 9 10 LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 28-MAR-2018 13:03:19 11 12 Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 13 14 Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=CentOS)(PORT=1521))) 15 The command completed successfully 16 [oracle@CentOS ~]$ lsnrctl status 17 18 LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 28-MAR-2018 13:03:25 19 20 Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 21 22 Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=CentOS)(PORT=1521))) 23 STATUS of the LISTENER 24 ------------------------ 25 Alias LISTENER 26 Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production 27 Start Date 28-MAR-2018 13:03:08 28 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 16 sec 29 Trace Level off 30 Security ON: Local OS Authentication 31 SNMP OFF 32 Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora 33 Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/CentOS/listener/alert/log.xml 34 Listening Endpoints Summary... 35 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=CentOS)(PORT=1521))) 36 Services Summary... 37 Service "sn03" has 1 instance(s). 38 Instance "vmdb", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... 39 The command completed successfully
发现监听服务只有静态注册的sn03
4、手工注册
1 SQL> alter system register; 2 3 System altered.
再次查看监听，动态注册成功：
1 [oracle@CentOS ~]$ lsnrctl status 2 3 LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 28-MAR-2018 12:41:00 4 5 Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 6 7 Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=CentOS)(PORT=1521))) 8 STATUS of the LISTENER 9 ------------------------ 10 Alias LISTENER 11 Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production 12 Start Date 28-MAR-2018 12:40:45 13 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 15 sec 14 Trace Level off 15 Security ON: Local OS Authentication 16 SNMP OFF 17 Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora 18 Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/CentOS/listener/alert/log.xml 19 Listening Endpoints Summary... 20 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=CentOS)(PORT=1521))) 21 Services Summary... 22 Service "sn01" has 1 instance(s). 23 Instance "vmdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... 24 Service "sn02" has 1 instance(s). 25 Instance "vmdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... 26 Service "sn03" has 1 instance(s). 27 Instance "vmdb", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... 28 Service "vmdb" has 1 instance(s). 29 Instance "vmdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... 30 Service "vmdbXDB" has 1 instance(s). 31 Instance "vmdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... 32 The command completed successfully
动态注册到非默认端口
如果要向非默认监听注册，则要修改相应系统参数。将要监听的信息添加到tnsnames.ora文件（pmon动态注册监听时从tnsnames.ora文件读取信息）。
对于专用服务器模式：
LOCAL_LISTENER=listener_alias
对于共享服务器模式：
DISPATCHERS="(PROTOCOL=tcp)(LISTENER=listener_alias)"
例如对于专用服务器模式，监听端口1522：
1、修改listener.ora文件监听器的监听端口
LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = CentOS)(PORT = 1522)) )
2、修改tnsnames.ora，设置pmon动态注册的目标端口
1 listener_alias = 2 (DESCRIPTION = 3 (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = CentOS)(PORT = 1522)) 4 )
3、修改参数LOCAL_LISTENER
alter system set local_listener=listener_alias;
alter system register;
4、查看监听状态
1 [oracle@CentOS admin]$ lsnrctl status 2 3 LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 31-MAR-2018 06:55:42 4 5 Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. 6 7 Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=CentOS)(PORT=1522))) 8 STATUS of the LISTENER 9 ------------------------ 10 Alias LISTENER 11 Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production 12 Start Date 31-MAR-2018 06:55:14 13 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 28 sec 14 Trace Level off 15 Security ON: Local OS Authentication 16 SNMP OFF 17 Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora 18 Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/CentOS/listener/alert/log.xml 19 Listening Endpoints Summary... 20 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=CentOS)(PORT=1522))) 21 Services Summary... 22 Service "sn01" has 1 instance(s). 23 Instance "vmdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... 24 Service "sn02" has 1 instance(s). 25 Instance "vmdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... 26 Service "sn03" has 1 instance(s). 27 Instance "vmdb", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... 28 Service "vmdb" has 1 instance(s). 29 Instance "vmdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... 30 Service "vmdbXDB" has 1 instance(s). 31 Instance "vmdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... 32 The command completed successfully
静态注册的意义
//TODO
总结：
与文章开头的引用的外部文章说法有些差异：
1、动态注册只会在PMON进程启动时才会自动将服务注册到监听器（一般在启动一分钟内完成注册），如果此时监听器未启动，则动态注册失败，此时如果再启动监听器，依然不会有动态注册信息。
2、静态注册与实例是否启动无关，启动监听器时会读取listener.ora文件进行静态注册，此时即便数据库未启动，监听状态依然能看到静态注册信息。重启监听器也一样，只会进行静态注册，所以可能导致动态注册信息丢失。
3、动态注册默认只注册到默认的监听器（名称LISTENER，端口1521，协议TCP），否则PMON不能动态注册listener，除非修改参数local_listener。