Java Web学习总结(5)HttpServletRequest

一,HttpServletRequest介绍

HttpServletRequest对象代表客户端的请求,当客户端通过HTTP协议访问服务器时,HTTP请求头中的所有信息都封装在这个对象中,通过这个对象提供的方法,可以获得客户端请求的所有信息。

二,jsp页面引入js,css文件的方式

在eclipse中新建一个web项目,目录结构如下:

在jsp页面的最开始,获取项目的根路径:

<%
   String path = request.getContextPath();
   String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
           + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
           + path + "/";
%>

在<head></head>中,插入下述代码:

<base href="<%=basePath%>" />

这句代码的作用是将整个页面的根路径设置为项目路径。

三,Request常用方法

1,获得客户机信息

getRequestURL()

返回客户端发出请求时的完整URL。

getRequestURI()

返回请求行中的资源名部分。

getQueryString ()

返回请求行中的参数部分。

getRemoteAddr()

返回发出请求的客户机的IP地址。

getPathInfo()

返回请求URL中的额外路径信息。额外路径信息是请求URL中的位于Servlet的路径之后和查询参数之前的内容,它以"/"开头。

getRemoteHost()

返回发出请求的客户机的完整主机名。

getRemotePort()

返回客户机所使用的网络端口号。

getLocalAddr()

返回WEB服务器的IP地址。

getLocalName()

返回WEB服务器的主机名。

private void RequestMessages(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException{
    String reqUrl = req.getRequestURL().toString();//得到请求的URL地址
    String reqUri = req.getRequestURI();//得到请求的资源
    String queryString = req.getQueryString();//得到请求的URL地址中附带的参数
    String remoteAddr = req.getRemoteAddr();//得到来访者的IP地址
    String remoteHost = req.getRemoteHost();
    int remotePort = req.getRemotePort();
    String remoteUser = req.getRemoteUser();
    String method = req.getMethod();//得到请求URL地址时使用的方法
    String pathInfo = req.getPathInfo();
    String localAddr = req.getLocalAddr();//获取WEB服务器的IP地址
    String localName = req.getLocalName();//获取WEB服务器的主机名
    resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");//设置将字符以"UTF-8"编码输出到客户端浏览器
    //通过设置响应头控制浏览器以UTF-8的编码显示数据,如果不加这句话,那么浏览器显示的将是乱码
    resp.setHeader("content-type", "text/html;charset=UTF-8");
    PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
    out.write("获取到的客户机信息如下:");
    out.write("<br/>");
    out.write("请求的URL地址:"+reqUrl);
    out.write("<br/>");
    out.write("请求的资源:"+reqUri);
    out.write("<br/>");
    out.write("请求的URL地址中附带的参数:"+queryString);
    out.write("<br/>");
    out.write("来访者的IP地址:"+remoteAddr);
    out.write("<br/>");
    out.write("来访者的主机名:"+remoteHost);
    out.write("<br/>");
    out.write("使用的端口号:"+remotePort);
    out.write("<br/>");
    out.write("remoteUser:"+remoteUser);
    out.write("<br/>");
    out.write("请求使用的方法:"+method);
    out.write("<br/>");
    out.write("pathInfo:"+pathInfo);
    out.write("<br/>");
    out.write("localAddr:"+localAddr);
    out.write("<br/>");
    out.write("localName:"+localName);
}
private void RequestMessages(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException{
    String reqUrl = req.getRequestURL().toString();//得到请求的URL地址
    String reqUri = req.getRequestURI();//得到请求的资源
    String queryString = req.getQueryString();//得到请求的URL地址中附带的参数
    String remoteAddr = req.getRemoteAddr();//得到来访者的IP地址
    String remoteHost = req.getRemoteHost();
    int remotePort = req.getRemotePort();
    String remoteUser = req.getRemoteUser();
    String method = req.getMethod();//得到请求URL地址时使用的方法
    String pathInfo = req.getPathInfo();
    String localAddr = req.getLocalAddr();//获取WEB服务器的IP地址
    String localName = req.getLocalName();//获取WEB服务器的主机名
    resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");//设置将字符以"UTF-8"编码输出到客户端浏览器
    //通过设置响应头控制浏览器以UTF-8的编码显示数据,如果不加这句话,那么浏览器显示的将是乱码
    resp.setHeader("content-type", "text/html;charset=UTF-8");
    PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
    out.write("获取到的客户机信息如下:");
    out.write("<br/>");
    out.write("请求的URL地址:"+reqUrl);
    out.write("<br/>");
    out.write("请求的资源:"+reqUri);
    out.write("<br/>");
    out.write("请求的URL地址中附带的参数:"+queryString);
    out.write("<br/>");
    out.write("来访者的IP地址:"+remoteAddr);
    out.write("<br/>");
    out.write("来访者的主机名:"+remoteHost);
    out.write("<br/>");
    out.write("使用的端口号:"+remotePort);
    out.write("<br/>");
    out.write("remoteUser:"+remoteUser);
    out.write("<br/>");
    out.write("请求使用的方法:"+method);
    out.write("<br/>");
    out.write("pathInfo:"+pathInfo);
    out.write("<br/>");
    out.write("localAddr:"+localAddr);
    out.write("<br/>");
    out.write("localName:"+localName);
}

2,获得客户机请求头

getHeader(string name)方法:String

getHeaders(String name)方法:Enumeration

getHeaderNames()方法

private void RequestHead(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException{
    resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");//设置将字符以"UTF-8"编码输出到客户端浏览器
    //通过设置响应头控制浏览器以UTF-8的编码显示数据
    resp.setHeader("content-type", "text/html;charset=UTF-8");
    PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
    Enumeration<String> reqHeadInfos = req.getHeaderNames();//获取所有的请求头
    out.write("获取到的客户端所有的请求头信息如下:");
    out.write("<br/>");
    while (reqHeadInfos.hasMoreElements()) {
        String headName = (String) reqHeadInfos.nextElement();
        String headValue = req.getHeader(headName);//根据请求头的名字获取对应的请求头的值
        out.write(headName+":"+headValue);
        out.write("<br/>");
    }
    out.write("<br/>");
    out.write("获取到的客户端Accept-Encoding请求头的值:");
    out.write("<br/>");
    String value = req.getHeader("Accept-Encoding");//获取Accept-Encoding请求头对应的值
    out.write(value);
    
    Enumeration<String> e = req.getHeaders("Accept-Encoding");
    while (e.hasMoreElements()) {
        String string = (String) e.nextElement();
        System.out.println(string);
    }
}

3,获得客户机请求参数

getParameter(String name)

根据name获取请求参数(常用)

getParameterValues(String name)

根据name获取请求参数列表(常用)

getParameterMap()

返回的是一个Map类型的值,该返回值记录着前端(如jsp页面)所提交请求中的请求参数和请求参数值的映射关系。(编写框架时常用)

如下表单:

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
   String path = request.getContextPath();
   String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
           + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
           + path + "/";
%>
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8">
<title>表单提交</title>
<link href="css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.js"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <form class="form-horizontal" action="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/GetParameterRequest.html" role="form" method="post">
        <div class="form-group">
            <label for="firstname" class="col-sm-1 control-label">名字</label>
            <div class="col-sm-3">
                <input type="text" class="form-control" name="name"
                    placeholder="请输入名字">
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <label for="lastname" class="col-sm-1 control-label">年龄</label>
            <div class="col-sm-3">
                <input type="text" class="form-control" name="age"
                    placeholder="请输年龄">
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <label for="lastname" class="col-sm-1 control-label">性别</label>
            <div class="col-sm-3">
                <input type="radio" name="sex" value="男" checked><input type="radio" name="sex" value="女"></div>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <label for="lastname" class="col-sm-1 control-label">爱好</label>
            <div class="col-sm-3">
                <input type="checkbox" name="aihao" value="唱歌">唱歌
                <input type="checkbox" name="aihao" value="上网">上网
                <input type="checkbox" name="aihao" value="游戏">游戏
                <input type="checkbox" name="aihao" value="看书">看书
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <div class="col-sm-offset-1 col-sm-3">
                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">提交</button>
                <button type="reset" class="btn btn-default">重置</button>
            </div>
        </div>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

使用getParameter方法和getParameterValues方法接收表单参数:

public class GetParameterRequest extends HttpServlet{
 
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 3903946972744326948L;
    
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(req, resp);
    }
    
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //客户端是以UTF-8编码提交表单数据的,所以需要设置服务器端以UTF-8的编码进行接收,否则对于中文数据就会产生乱码
        req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        //获取名字
        String name = req.getParameter("name");
        //获取年龄
        String age = req.getParameter("age");
        //获取性别
        String sex = req.getParameter("sex");
        //获取爱好,因为可以选中多个值,所以获取到的值是一个字符串数组,因此需要使用getParameterValues方法来获取
        String[] aihaos = req.getParameterValues("aihao");
        
        String aihao = "";
        if(aihaos != null){
            for (int i = 0; i < aihaos.length; i++) {
                if(i == aihaos.length - 1){
                    aihao += aihaos[i];
                } else {
                    aihao += aihaos[i] + ",";
                }
            }
        }
        System.out.println("名字:" + name);
        System.out.println("年龄:" + age);
        System.out.println("性别:" + sex);
        System.out.println("爱好:" + aihao);
        req.setAttribute("aihao", aihao);
        //设置服务器端以UTF-8编码输出数据到客户端
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        this.getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("/request.jsp").forward(req, resp);
    }
}

响应页面:

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
   String path = request.getContextPath();
   String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
           + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
           + path + "/";
%>
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8">
<title>表单提交</title>
<link href="css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.js"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<table class="table">
   <thead>
      <tr>
         <th>名称</th>
         <th>结果</th>
      </tr>
   </thead>
   <tbody>
      <tr>
         <td>姓名</td>
         <td><%=request.getParameter("name") %></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
         <td>年龄</td>
         <td><%=request.getParameter("age") %></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
         <td>性别</td>
         <td><%=request.getParameter("sex") %></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
         <td>爱好</td>
         <td><%=request.getAttribute("aihao") %></td>
      </tr>
   </tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>

提交如下表单:

后台打印:

运行结果如下:

四,request接收表单提交中文参数乱码问题

1,以POST方式提交表单中文参数的乱码问题

有如下表单:

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
   String path = request.getContextPath();
   String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
           + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
           + path + "/";
%>
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8">
<title>表单提交</title>
<link href="css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.js"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <form class="form-horizontal" action="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/PostRequest.html" role="form" method="post">
        <div class="form-group">
            <label for="firstname" class="col-sm-1 control-label">名字</label>
            <div class="col-sm-3">
                <input type="text" class="form-control" name="name"
                    placeholder="请输入名字">
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <div class="col-sm-offset-1 col-sm-3">
                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">提交</button>
                <button type="reset" class="btn btn-default">重置</button>
            </div>
        </div>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

后台接收参数:

public class PostRequest extends HttpServlet{
 
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 3903946972744326948L;
    
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(req, resp);
    }
    
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String name = req.getParameter("name");
        System.out.println("名字:" + name);
    }
}

提交数据:

运行结果:

之所以会产生乱码,就是因为服务器和客户端沟通的编码不一致造成的,因此解决的办法是:在客户端和服务器之间设置一个统一的编码,之后就按照此编码进行数据的传输和接收。

由于客户端是以UTF-8字符编码将表单数据传输到服务器端的,因此服务器也需要设置以UTF-8字符编码进行接收,通过setCharacterEncoding方法统一编码格式:

public class PostRequest extends HttpServlet{
 
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 3903946972744326948L;
    
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(req, resp);
    }
    
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //设置服务器以UTF-8的编码接收数据
        req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        String name = req.getParameter("name");
        System.out.println("名字:" + name);
    }
}

重新提交表单,中文乱码解决:

2,以GET方式提交表单中文参数的乱码问题

有如下表单:

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
   String path = request.getContextPath();
   String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
           + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
           + path + "/";
%>
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8">
<title>表单提交</title>
<link href="css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.js"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <form class="form-horizontal" action="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/GetRequest.html" role="form" method="get">
        <div class="form-group">
            <label for="firstname" class="col-sm-1 control-label">名字</label>
            <div class="col-sm-3">
                <input type="text" class="form-control" name="name"
                    placeholder="请输入名字">
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <div class="col-sm-offset-1 col-sm-3">
                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">提交</button>
                <button type="reset" class="btn btn-default">重置</button>
            </div>
        </div>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

后台接收参数:

public class GetRequest extends HttpServlet{
 
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 3903946972744326948L;
    
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(req, resp);
    }
    
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String name = req.getParameter("name");
        System.out.println("名字:" + name);
    }
}

提交数据:

运行结果:

之所以会产生乱码,对于以get方式传输的数据,默认的还是使用ISO8859-1这个字符编码来接收数据,客户端以UTF-8的编码传输数据到服务器端,而服务器端的request对象使用的是ISO8859-1这个字符编码来接收数据,服务器和客户端沟通的编码不一致因此才会产生中文乱码的。

解决方法:

在接收到数据后,先获取request对象以ISO8859-1字符编码接收到的原始数据的字节数组,然后通过字节数组以指定的编码构建字符串

public class GetRequest extends HttpServlet{
 
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 3903946972744326948L;
    
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(req, resp);
    }
    
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String name = req.getParameter("name");
        //以ISO8859-1字符编码接收到的原始数据的字节数组,然后通过字节数组以指定的编码构建字符串
        name = new String(name.getBytes("ISO8859-1") , "UTF-8");
        System.out.println("名字:" + name);
    }
}

重新提交表单,中文乱码解决:

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Zender/p/7647503.html