.Net中的Junction Points操作

Junction Points是NTFS v5+的新特性，功能和我们所熟知的UNIX中的文件夹软链接类似（与Windows中的文件夹快捷方式不同的是，它进行了路径重定向）。如在Vista中的C:\Documents and Settings 就是C:\Users的一个链接。然而，在Windows中并没有提供相关命令，只能编程通过API来实现。在CodeProject中有篇文章Manipulating NTFS Junction Points in .NET将相关API进行了封装，使得我们可以很容易的在.Net中进行相关操作。

由于我对WinAPI编程并不熟，这里就不更多介绍了，更多信息请访问原作者相关文章。这里仅转一下相关函数用法：

创建Junction Point

// Creates a Junction Point at
// C:\Foo\JunctionPoint that points to the directory C:\Bar.
// Fails if there is already a file,
// directory or Junction Point with the specified path.
JunctionPoint.Create(@"C:\Foo\JunctionPoint", @"C:\Bar",
false/*don't overwrite*/)

// Creates a Junction Point at C:\Foo\JunctionPoint that points to
// the directory C:\Bar.
// Replaces an existing Junction Point if found at the specified path.
JunctionPoint.Create(@"C:\Foo\JunctionPoint", @"C:\Bar", true/*overwrite*/)

注：不能对文件创建Junction Points.

删除Junction Point

// Delete a Junction Point at C:\Foo\JunctionPoint if it exists.
// Does nothing if there is no such Junction Point.
// Fails if the specified path refers to an existing file or
// directory rather than a Junction Point.
JunctionPoint.Delete(@"C:\Foo\JunctionPoint")

判断Junction Point是否存在

// Returns true if there is a Junction Point at C:\Foo\JunctionPoint.
// Returns false if the specified path refers to an existing file
// or directory rather than a Junction Point
// or if it refers to the vacuum of space.
bool exists = JunctionPoint.Exists(@"C:\Foo\JunctionPoint")

获取Junction Point所指向的实际地址

// Create a Junction Point for demonstration purposes whose target is C:\Bar.
JunctionPoint.Create(@"C:\Foo\JunctionPoint", @"C:\Bar", false)

// Returns the full path of the target of the Junction Point at
// C:\Foo\JunctionPoint.
// Fails if the specified path does not refer to a Junction Point.
string target = JunctionPoint.GetTarget(@"C:\Foo\JunctionPoint")

// target will be C:\Bar

注：这个函数有问题，对系统的权限要求过高，如果对系统盘的一些文件夹链接访问往往会报异常，我把它改了一下，新的代码如下：

    /**//// <summary>
    /// Provides access to NTFS junction points in .Net.
    /// </summary>
    public static class JunctionPoint
    {
        /**//// <summary>
        /// The file or directory is not a reparse point.
        /// </summary>
        private const int ERROR_NOT_A_REPARSE_POINT = 4390;

        /**//// <summary>
        /// The reparse point attribute cannot be set because it conflicts with an existing attribute.
        /// </summary>
        private const int ERROR_REPARSE_ATTRIBUTE_CONFLICT = 4391;

        /**//// <summary>
        /// The data present in the reparse point buffer is invalid.
        /// </summary>
        private const int ERROR_INVALID_REPARSE_DATA = 4392;

        /**//// <summary>
        /// The tag present in the reparse point buffer is invalid.
        /// </summary>
        private const int ERROR_REPARSE_TAG_INVALID = 4393;

        /**//// <summary>
        /// There is a mismatch between the tag specified in the request and the tag present in the reparse point.
        /// </summary>
        private const int ERROR_REPARSE_TAG_MISMATCH = 4394;

        /**//// <summary>
        /// Command to set the reparse point data block.
        /// </summary>
        private const int FSCTL_SET_REPARSE_POINT = 0x000900A4;

        /**//// <summary>
        /// Command to get the reparse point data block.
        /// </summary>
        private const int FSCTL_GET_REPARSE_POINT = 0x000900A8;

        /**//// <summary>
        /// Command to delete the reparse point data base.
        /// </summary>
        private const int FSCTL_DELETE_REPARSE_POINT = 0x000900AC;

        /**//// <summary>
        /// Reparse point tag used to identify mount points and junction points.
        /// </summary>
        private const uint IO_REPARSE_TAG_MOUNT_POINT = 0xA0000003;

        /**//// <summary>
        /// This prefix indicates to NTFS that the path is to be treated as a non-interpreted
        /// path in the virtual file system.
        /// </summary>
        private const string NonInterpretedPathPrefix = @"\??\";

        [Flags]
        private enum EFileAccess : uint
        {
            GenericRead = 0x80000000,
            GenericWrite = 0x40000000,
            GenericExecute = 0x20000000,
            GenericAll = 0x10000000,
            GenericNone = 0x0,
        }

        [Flags]
        private enum EFileShare : uint
        {
            None = 0x00000000,
            Read = 0x00000001,
            Write = 0x00000002,
            Delete = 0x00000004,
        }

        private enum ECreationDisposition : uint
        {
            New = 1,
            CreateAlways = 2,
            OpenExisting = 3,
            OpenAlways = 4,
            TruncateExisting = 5,
        }

        [Flags]
        private enum EFileAttributes : uint
        {
            Readonly = 0x00000001,
            Hidden = 0x00000002,
            System = 0x00000004,
            Directory = 0x00000010,
            Archive = 0x00000020,
            Device = 0x00000040,
            Normal = 0x00000080,
            Temporary = 0x00000100,
            SparseFile = 0x00000200,
            ReparsePoint = 0x00000400,
            Compressed = 0x00000800,
            Offline = 0x00001000,
            NotContentIndexed = 0x00002000,
            Encrypted = 0x00004000,
            Write_Through = 0x80000000,
            Overlapped = 0x40000000,
            NoBuffering = 0x20000000,
            RandomAccess = 0x10000000,
            SequentialScan = 0x08000000,
            DeleteOnClose = 0x04000000,
            BackupSemantics = 0x02000000,
            PosixSemantics = 0x01000000,
            OpenReparsePoint = 0x00200000,
            OpenNoRecall = 0x00100000,
            FirstPipeInstance = 0x00080000
        }

        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
        private struct REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER
        {
            /**//// <summary>
            /// Reparse point tag. Must be a Microsoft reparse point tag.
            /// </summary>
            public uint ReparseTag;

            /**//// <summary>
            /// Size, in bytes, of the data after the Reserved member. This can be calculated by:
            /// (4 * sizeof(ushort)) + SubstituteNameLength + PrintNameLength + 
            /// (namesAreNullTerminated ? 2 * sizeof(char) : 0);
            /// </summary>
            public ushort ReparseDataLength;

            /**//// <summary>
            /// Reserved; do not use. 
            /// </summary>
            public ushort Reserved;

            /**//// <summary>
            /// Offset, in bytes, of the substitute name string in the PathBuffer array.
            /// </summary>
            public ushort SubstituteNameOffset;

            /**//// <summary>
            /// Length, in bytes, of the substitute name string. If this string is null-terminated,
            /// SubstituteNameLength does not include space for the null character.
            /// </summary>
            public ushort SubstituteNameLength;

            /**//// <summary>
            /// Offset, in bytes, of the print name string in the PathBuffer array.
            /// </summary>
            public ushort PrintNameOffset;

            /**//// <summary>
            /// Length, in bytes, of the print name string. If this string is null-terminated,
            /// PrintNameLength does not include space for the null character. 
            /// </summary>
            public ushort PrintNameLength;

            /**//// <summary>
            /// A buffer containing the unicode-encoded path string. The path string contains
            /// the substitute name string and print name string.
            /// </summary>
            [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 0x3FF0)]
            public byte[] PathBuffer;
        }

        [DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
        private static extern bool DeviceIoControl(IntPtr hDevice, uint dwIoControlCode,
            IntPtr InBuffer, int nInBufferSize,
            IntPtr OutBuffer, int nOutBufferSize,
            out int pBytesReturned, IntPtr lpOverlapped);

        [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
        private static extern IntPtr CreateFile(
            string lpFileName,
            EFileAccess dwDesiredAccess,
            EFileShare dwShareMode,
            IntPtr lpSecurityAttributes,
            ECreationDisposition dwCreationDisposition,
            EFileAttributes dwFlagsAndAttributes,
            IntPtr hTemplateFile);

        /**//// <summary>
        /// Creates a junction point from the specified directory to the specified target directory.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// Only works on NTFS.
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="junctionPoint">The junction point path</param>
        /// <param name="targetDir">The target directory</param>
        /// <param name="overwrite">If true overwrites an existing reparse point or empty directory</param>
        /// <exception cref="IOException">Thrown when the junction point could not be created or when
        /// an existing directory was found and <paramref name="overwrite" /> if false</exception>
        public static void Create(string junctionPoint, string targetDir, bool overwrite)
        {
            targetDir = Path.GetFullPath(targetDir);

            if (!Directory.Exists(targetDir))
                throw new IOException("Target path does not exist or is not a directory.");

            if (Directory.Exists(junctionPoint))
            {
                if (!overwrite)
                    throw new IOException("Directory already exists and overwrite parameter is false.");
            }
            else
            {
                Directory.CreateDirectory(junctionPoint);
            }

            using (SafeFileHandle handle = OpenReparsePoint(junctionPoint, EFileAccess.GenericWrite))
            {
                byte[] targetDirBytes = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(NonInterpretedPathPrefix + Path.GetFullPath(targetDir));

                REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER reparseDataBuffer = new REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER();

                reparseDataBuffer.ReparseTag = IO_REPARSE_TAG_MOUNT_POINT;
                reparseDataBuffer.ReparseDataLength = (ushort)(targetDirBytes.Length + 12);
                reparseDataBuffer.SubstituteNameOffset = 0;
                reparseDataBuffer.SubstituteNameLength = (ushort)targetDirBytes.Length;
                reparseDataBuffer.PrintNameOffset = (ushort)(targetDirBytes.Length + 2);
                reparseDataBuffer.PrintNameLength = 0;
                reparseDataBuffer.PathBuffer = new byte[0x3ff0];
                Array.Copy(targetDirBytes, reparseDataBuffer.PathBuffer, targetDirBytes.Length);

                int inBufferSize = Marshal.SizeOf(reparseDataBuffer);
                IntPtr inBuffer = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(inBufferSize);

                try
                {
                    Marshal.StructureToPtr(reparseDataBuffer, inBuffer, false);

                    int bytesReturned;
                    bool result = DeviceIoControl(handle.DangerousGetHandle(), FSCTL_SET_REPARSE_POINT,
                        inBuffer, targetDirBytes.Length + 20, IntPtr.Zero, 0, out bytesReturned, IntPtr.Zero);

                    if (!result)
                        ThrowLastWin32Error("Unable to create junction point.");
                }
                finally
                {
                    Marshal.FreeHGlobal(inBuffer);
                }
            }
        }

        /**//// <summary>
        /// Deletes a junction point at the specified source directory along with the directory itself.
        /// Does nothing if the junction point does not exist.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// Only works on NTFS.
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="junctionPoint">The junction point path</param>
        public static void Delete(string junctionPoint)
        {
            if (!Directory.Exists(junctionPoint))
            {
                if (File.Exists(junctionPoint))
                    throw new IOException("Path is not a junction point.");

                return;
            }

            using (SafeFileHandle handle = OpenReparsePoint(junctionPoint, EFileAccess.GenericWrite))
            {
                REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER reparseDataBuffer = new REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER();

                reparseDataBuffer.ReparseTag = IO_REPARSE_TAG_MOUNT_POINT;
                reparseDataBuffer.ReparseDataLength = 0;
                reparseDataBuffer.PathBuffer = new byte[0x3ff0];

                int inBufferSize = Marshal.SizeOf(reparseDataBuffer);
                IntPtr inBuffer = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(inBufferSize);
                try
                {
                    Marshal.StructureToPtr(reparseDataBuffer, inBuffer, false);

                    int bytesReturned;
                    bool result = DeviceIoControl(handle.DangerousGetHandle(), FSCTL_DELETE_REPARSE_POINT,
                        inBuffer, 8, IntPtr.Zero, 0, out bytesReturned, IntPtr.Zero);

                    if (!result)
                        ThrowLastWin32Error("Unable to delete junction point.");
                }
                finally
                {
                    Marshal.FreeHGlobal(inBuffer);
                }

                try
                {
                    Directory.Delete(junctionPoint);
                }
                catch (IOException ex)
                {
                    throw new IOException("Unable to delete junction point.", ex);
                }
            }
        }

        /**//// <summary>
        /// Determines whether the specified path exists and refers to a junction point.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="path">The junction point path</param>
        /// <returns>True if the specified path represents a junction point</returns>
        /// <exception cref="IOException">Thrown if the specified path is invalid
        /// or some other error occurs</exception>
        public static bool Exists(string path)
        {
            if (!Directory.Exists(path))
                return false;

            using (SafeFileHandle handle = OpenReparsePoint(path, EFileAccess.GenericRead))
            {
                string target = InternalGetTarget(handle);
                return target != null;
            }
        }

        /**//// <summary>
        /// Gets the target of the specified junction point.
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// Only works on NTFS.
        /// </remarks>
        /// <param name="junctionPoint">The junction point path</param>
        /// <returns>The target of the junction point</returns>
        /// <exception cref="IOException">Thrown when the specified path does not
        /// exist, is invalid, is not a junction point, or some other error occurs</exception>
        public static string GetTarget(string junctionPoint)
        {
            using (SafeFileHandle handle = OpenReparsePoint(junctionPoint, EFileAccess.GenericNone))
            {
                string target = InternalGetTarget(handle);
                if (target == null)
                    throw new IOException("Path is not a junction point.");

                return target;
            }
        }

        private static string InternalGetTarget(SafeFileHandle handle)
        {
            int outBufferSize = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER));
            IntPtr outBuffer = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(outBufferSize);

            try
            {
                int bytesReturned;
                bool result = DeviceIoControl(handle.DangerousGetHandle(), FSCTL_GET_REPARSE_POINT,
                    IntPtr.Zero, 0, outBuffer, outBufferSize, out bytesReturned, IntPtr.Zero);

                if (!result)
                {
                    int error = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
                    if (error == ERROR_NOT_A_REPARSE_POINT)
                        return null;

                    ThrowLastWin32Error("Unable to get information about junction point.");
                }

                REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER reparseDataBuffer = (REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER)
                    Marshal.PtrToStructure(outBuffer, typeof(REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER));

                if (reparseDataBuffer.ReparseTag != IO_REPARSE_TAG_MOUNT_POINT)
                    return null;

                string targetDir = Encoding.Unicode.GetString(reparseDataBuffer.PathBuffer,
                    reparseDataBuffer.SubstituteNameOffset, reparseDataBuffer.SubstituteNameLength);

                if (targetDir.StartsWith(NonInterpretedPathPrefix))
                    targetDir = targetDir.Substring(NonInterpretedPathPrefix.Length);

                return targetDir;
            }
            finally
            {
                Marshal.FreeHGlobal(outBuffer);
            }
        }

        private static SafeFileHandle OpenReparsePoint(string reparsePoint, EFileAccess accessMode)
        {
            SafeFileHandle reparsePointHandle = new SafeFileHandle(CreateFile(reparsePoint, accessMode,
                EFileShare.Read | EFileShare.Write | EFileShare.Delete,
                IntPtr.Zero, ECreationDisposition.OpenExisting,
                EFileAttributes.BackupSemantics | EFileAttributes.OpenReparsePoint, IntPtr.Zero), true);

            if (Marshal.GetLastWin32Error() != 0)
                ThrowLastWin32Error("Unable to open reparse point.");

            return reparsePointHandle;
        }

        private static void ThrowLastWin32Error(string message)
        {
            throw new IOException(message, Marshal.GetExceptionForHR(Marshal.GetHRForLastWin32Error()));
        }
    }