docker 命令（未完...）

镜像

docker image ls --help 查看帮助文档
docker image ls -f 过滤器，是个好东西。虽然目前没发现好在哪里...

列出所有镜像

[admin@centos7 ~]$ docker image ls
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   2 months ago   13.3kB

镜像体积

[admin@centos7 ~]$ docker system df
TYPE            TOTAL     ACTIVE    SIZE      RECLAIMABLE
Images          1         0         13.34kB   13.34kB (100%)
Containers      0         0         0B        0B
Local Volumes   0         0         0B        0B
Build Cache     0         0         0B        0B

列出虚悬镜象

[admin@centos7 ~]$ docker image ls -f dangling=true
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID   CREATED   SIZE

删除镜像

docker image rm 可根据镜像ID,标签，摘要删除
利用docker image ls配合删除，如 docker image rm $(docker image ls -q redis)
遇到的问题

  1. 提示有容器正在运行不能删除
[admin@centos7 ~]$ docker image rm $(docker image ls -q nginx)
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete 19486213a479 (cannot be forced) - image is being used by running container acf4ac2e29af
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete d1a364dc548d (cannot be forced) - image has dependent child images

try: 停止容器

[admin@centos7 ~]$ docker container stop acf4ac2e29af
acf4ac2e29af
[admin@centos7 ~]$ docker container stop f041072b1682
f041072b1682
  1. 提示有容器存在不能删除
[admin@centos7 ~]$ docker image rm $(docker image ls -q nginx)
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete 19486213a479 (must be forced) - image is being used by stopped container acf4ac2e29af
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete d1a364dc548d (cannot be forced) - image has dependent child images

try :删除容器
docker container prune
再次删除 - 成功

定制镜像

利用commit理解构建镜像【最好不要用！！！】

docker run --name webserver -d -p 80:80 nginx
通过localhost访问 （若是虚拟机，通过ip访问。获取ip:ifconfig -a）

尝试修改首页内容：

[admin@centos7 ~]$ docker exec -it webserver bash
root@f041072b1682:/# echo '<h1>hello,world!!!<h1>' > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
root@f041072b1682:/# exit
exit

为什么不要用commit?

  1. 不仅更改了目标文件，很多无关的文件也被改动了，臃肿
  2. 黑箱操作，除了制作者知道“做了什么”，其他人根本不知道

Dockerfile

docker run --name webserver -d -p 80:80 nginx
创建Dockerfile

mkdir mynginx
cd mynginx
cat>>Dockerfile
FROM nginx
RUN echo '<h1>helo,docker.</h1>' > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
【ctrl+d 退出】

构建镜像(请注意v3后面有个.,不要遗漏了)
docker build -t nginx:v3 .

运行
docker run --name web2 -d -p 81:80 nginx:v3
通过localhost访问 （若是虚拟机，通过ip访问。获取ip:ifconfig -a）

和docker commit的区别（个人理解，不确定是否有误）
docker commit是在原来镜像的基础上修改并提交 从而构建新镜像，而Dockerfile不会修改原来的镜像。（通过docker history nginx:latest 和 docker history nginx:v3 查看可得知）

构建上下文

Docker 构建上下文就是 Docker 客户端上传给服务端的 tar 文件解压后的内容，也即 docker build 命令行后面指定路径下的文件。
从上述这句话简单理解为“.”即为上下文路径。
“上下文”这个概念还不太好理解，请阅读原文

容器

新建并启动

前提： 没有指定镜像ubuntu 18.04
docker run ubuntu:18.04 /bin/echo 'Hello world'
可以看到没有指定镜像，会自动从registry下载，然后利用镜像创建并启动容器，执行容器并自动终止容器

查看容器信息

docker container ls

获取容器输出信息

docker container logs [container ID or NAMES]

后台运行(守护态)容器

docker run -d ubuntu:18.04 /bin/echo 'Hello world' 自动终止容器

终止容器

docker container stop

启动容器

docker container start
重启 docker container restart

查看所有容器（包含终止状态的）

docker container ls -a

进入容器

docker exec or docker attach
推荐使用exec，因为执行exit不会终止容器

删除容器

docker container rm
清除所有终止状态的容器
docker container prune

使用网络

外部访问容器

  • -P: 随机映射一个端口到内部容器开放的网络端口
    假设随机端口号为“32768”,以nginx为例：
    比如nginx ,默认端口为80 ，那执行 docker run -d -P nginx 后系统会自动分配端口号32768映射到80
  • -p: 指定映射的端口号并且一个指定端口只能绑定一个容器
    docker run -p ip:hostPort:containerPort 指定映射使用一个特定地址
    docker run -p ip::containerPort 映射指定地址的任意端口（系统自动分配）
    docker run -p hostPort:containerPort
    访问多个端口配置：
docker run -d 
    -p 80:80 
    -p 443:443 
    nginx:alpine

查看端口配置

[admin@centos7 ~]$ docker port ee
3306/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:3306
3306/tcp -> :::3306

"ee"是container的ID前两位
使用docker inspect ee还可以看到容器自己的内部网络和ip地址

[
    {
        "Id": "eef935e57bdba34f5543cb4b6c9a34cfddddf53aaaad503422a3064e85864a8f",
        "Created": "2021-05-28T08:28:01.688452011Z",
        "Path": "/entrypoint.sh",
        "Args": [
            "mysqld"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 9397,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-05-28T08:28:03.207678971Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:13efa2a210dd30a2f1249611a7b8bc17d27001ecd2431da849a985e5231ba565",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/eef935e57bdba34f5543cb4b6c9a34cfddddf53aaaad503422a3064e85864a8f/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/eef935e57bdba34f5543cb4b6c9a34cfddddf53aaaad503422a3064e85864a8f/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/eef935e57bdba34f5543cb4b6c9a34cfddddf53aaaad503422a3064e85864a8f/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/eef935e57bdba34f5543cb4b6c9a34cfddddf53aaaad503422a3064e85864a8f/eef935e57bdba34f5543cb4b6c9a34cfddddf53aaaad503422a3064e85864a8f-json.log",
        "Name": "/node1",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": [
                "v1:/var/lib/mysql"
            ],
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "net1",
            "PortBindings": {
                "3306/tcp": [
                    {
                        "HostIp": "",
                        "HostPort": "3306"
                    }
                ]
            },
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6fa8747c4a52149185fd5251aeea7f343da837f651117867ea01f7ceb697981b-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7d43b4531453aef07cfee614fde8f7da3a202d72e7c385b06101f956ab3870c1/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c4c44ebbe8ce6c280d7db483cc7c5ed4284a7dcd486a78f90e2a6afc321bf663/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d58232ae5c870e11c60f0fbcb4597f7a4692699d078b8aad09273ad0ead26774/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ef892da0cb66ef59f05f21d1381afff688649651e4c963ff275b2a9f3e284df8/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/aba250a727fa3eaceaaecfc82e55c1a8cb1767b819f06988cf1aa928c2bde26b/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6e42a40f4796686b01b70bd59c2cdf7e4b5f98ddba9e9f3735eadfd231b42fbc/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1ad2744dcd2088696f0edc44ae089d7ac4993e9ed33c3b6c7c0f10d4b4321144/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/21f4fef789c645e7e5a0ad02e04b4f39389987c66b622038828845cbba368655/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0568bfa07d3c7650eaa2f3af5496dacf2d82b04529316f3cdc238887331cff07/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/77733cfb761a741c5835e99dcfe141595ed76398ccbc92f1e98e8b41e48e1d65/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5a4fe2ddeec13136519be4936f23473948a61817cfcb4e207799680692a1f9a5/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/1ee4980528b372ce550099e64aaa8e4de4de47be46c2cb236264f4c1030d309a/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6fa8747c4a52149185fd5251aeea7f343da837f651117867ea01f7ceb697981b/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6fa8747c4a52149185fd5251aeea7f343da837f651117867ea01f7ceb697981b/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6fa8747c4a52149185fd5251aeea7f343da837f651117867ea01f7ceb697981b/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [
            {
                "Type": "volume",
                "Name": "v1",
                "Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/v1/_data",
                "Destination": "/var/lib/mysql",
                "Driver": "local",
                "Mode": "z",
                "RW": true,
                "Propagation": ""
            },
            {
                "Type": "volume",
                "Name": "536a960c78f5949c4797bd34fabafc7ce48b06bb44424076a1d41d8bb19ebe5d",
                "Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/536a960c78f5949c4797bd34fabafc7ce48b06bb44424076a1d41d8bb19ebe5d/_data",
                "Destination": "/var/log/mysql",
                "Driver": "local",
                "Mode": "",
                "RW": true,
                "Propagation": ""
            }
        ],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "eef935e57bdb",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "1001",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "3306/tcp": {},
                "33060/tcp": {},
                "4567/tcp": {},
                "4568/tcp": {}
            },
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456",
                "CLUSTER_NAME=PXC",
                "XTRABACKUP_PASSWORD=123456",
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
                "PXC_VERSION=8.0.22-13.1",
                "PXC_REPO=release",
                "OS_VER=el8",
                "FULL_PERCONA_XTRADBCLUSTER_VERSION=8.0.22-13.1.el8"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "mysqld"
            ],
            "Image": "pxc",
            "Volumes": {
                "/var/lib/mysql": {},
                "/var/log/mysql": {}
            },
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": [
                "/entrypoint.sh"
            ],
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS",
                "org.opencontainers.image.authors": "info@percona.com"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "1e1d29e4ecf8d61c46caf473e09cb3bd6e3cab343406d5f41a22e282e9358ae4",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {
                "3306/tcp": [
                    {
                        "HostIp": "0.0.0.0",
                        "HostPort": "3306"
                    },
                    {
                        "HostIp": "::",
                        "HostPort": "3306"
                    }
                ],
                "33060/tcp": null,
                "4567/tcp": null,
                "4568/tcp": null
            },
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/1e1d29e4ecf8",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "",
            "Gateway": "",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "",
            "IPPrefixLen": 0,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "",
            "Networks": {
                "net1": {
                    "IPAMConfig": {
                        "IPv4Address": "172.18.0.2"
                    },
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": [
                        "eef935e57bdb"
                    ],
                    "NetworkID": "2226ef15f47104900a44b7b3bdcea5baad7381cc3e105878fb1cc031983d4b1a",
                    "EndpointID": "11e532bc87067768bce63260fd751f861f17c34692c33014ff467d5d1c49649c",
                    "Gateway": "172.18.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.18.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 24,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

容器互联

  1. 新建网络
    docker network create -d bridge my-net
    -d 指定网络类型，bridge,overlay（用于swarm mode）

  2. 连接容器
    docker run --network=my-net
    原理： 连接到同一个网络的 容器 之间都可以互联
    栗子

连接多个容器使用compose

配置DNS

  1. 配置全部容器的DNS（全局配置文件）
sudo vi /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
  "dns" : [
    "8.8.8.8"
  ]
}

配置后重启docker,此时所有容器会被关闭。
检查是否已生效

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
docker run -it --rm ubuntu:18.04 cat etc/resolv.conf

2.指定容器配置
docker run -h HOSTNAME 配置主机名
会被写入容器内的 /etc/hostname 和 /etc/hosts ，但是不会在容器外部被看到
docker run --dns=IP_ADDRESS 添加DNS服务器到容器的 /etc/resolv.conf
--dns-search=DOMAIN 设定容器的搜索域

注意，--dns 和 --dns-search 如果没有配置，默认使用主机的 /etc/resolv.conf 来配置容器

docker file

配置文件 /etc/docker/daemon.json

damon.json

需要注意的点

  1. 删除镜像前 需要删除使用该镜像的所有容器
  2. 定制镜像，最后一步需要清除掉无关文件

问题

  1. 为什么镜像和使用该镜像的容器，DNS不是一样的呢？
[admin@centos7 ~]$ docker image ls -a
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
ubuntu        18.04     81bcf752ac3d   8 days ago     63.1MB
pxc           latest    13efa2a210dd   2 months ago   560MB
[admin@centos7 ~]$ docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED       STATUS                        PORTS                                                                 NAMES
ade00ee0a5fc   pxc       "/entrypoint.sh mysq…"   2 hours ago   Up 57 minutes                 4567-4568/tcp, 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3310->3306/tcp, :::3310->3306/tcp   node6
[admin@centos7 ~]$ docker run -it --rm pxc:latest cat etc/resolv.conf
search localdomain com
nameserver 114.114.114.114
nameserver 8.8.8.8
[admin@centos7 ~]$ docker exec -it ade bash
bash-4.4$ cat etc/resolv.conf
search localdomain com
nameserver 127.0.0.11
options ndots:0

个人问题：

学习到这里其实突然有点茫然，该怎么去部署一个系统呢？
主要是学习dockerfile指令详解这一章节，不明白这些指令在实际场景中为什么要应用。
项目部署完整流程
前后端项目部署实战 - 原文博客

当前系统信息

docker info

Client:
 Context:    default
 Debug Mode: false
 Plugins:
  app: Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
  buildx: Build with BuildKit (Docker Inc., v0.5.1-docker)
  scan: Docker Scan (Docker Inc.)

Server:
 Containers: 5
  Running: 2
  Paused: 0
  Stopped: 3
 Images: 3
 Server Version: 20.10.6
 Storage Driver: overlay2
  Backing Filesystem: xfs
  Supports d_type: true
  Native Overlay Diff: true
  userxattr: false
 Logging Driver: json-file
 Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
 Cgroup Version: 1
 Plugins:
  Volume: local
  Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
  Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
 Swarm: inactive
 Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux runc
 Default Runtime: runc
 Init Binary: docker-init
 containerd version: 05f951a3781f4f2c1911b05e61c160e9c30eaa8e
 runc version: 12644e614e25b05da6fd08a38ffa0cfe1903fdec
 init version: de40ad0
 Security Options:
  seccomp
   Profile: default
 Kernel Version: 3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64
 Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
 OSType: linux
 Architecture: x86_64
 CPUs: 1
 Total Memory: 972.3MiB
 Name: centos7.com
 ID: GK7Q:GLMK:ARGI:LDF6:PHRT:BC3Q:XTJJ:3THM:3C33:546F:GCN5:YGOD
 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
 Debug Mode: false
 Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
 Labels:
 Experimental: false
 Insecure Registries:
  127.0.0.0/8
 Registry Mirrors:
  https://hub-mirror.c.163.com/
  https://mirror.baidubce.com/
 Live Restore Enabled: false

docker image ls -a

[admin@centos7 ~]$ docker image ls -a
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
ubuntu        18.04     81bcf752ac3d   8 days ago     63.1MB
pxc           latest    13efa2a210dd   2 months ago   560MB
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   2 months ago   13.3kB

docker container ls -a

[admin@centos7 ~]$ docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED       STATUS                        PORTS                                                                 NAMES
ade00ee0a5fc   pxc       "/entrypoint.sh mysq…"   2 hours ago   Up 57 minutes                 4567-4568/tcp, 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3310->3306/tcp, :::3310->3306/tcp   node6
05bdf7f9bc8e   pxc       "/entrypoint.sh mysq…"   2 hours ago   Up 57 minutes                 4567-4568/tcp, 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3309->3306/tcp, :::3309->3306/tcp   node5
615d10c29943   pxc       "/entrypoint.sh mysq…"   2 hours ago   Exited (137) 58 minutes ago                                                                         node3
5ecac524b09b   pxc       "/entrypoint.sh mysq…"   2 hours ago   Exited (137) 58 minutes ago                                                                         node2
eef935e57bdb   pxc       "/entrypoint.sh mysq…"   2 hours ago   Exited (137) 58 minutes ago                                                                         node1

参考文档：
Docker--从入门到实践

上面的内容，主要还是一些知识点整理和个人的一些思考，权当参考，如有错误或者更好的建议，可以在评论区指正，不胜感激！

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/Tester_Dolores/p/14817336.html