准备环境

启动一个web服务器，提供端口.

用其它web服务器提供端口也一样，由于python比较方便，这里就用它

1 [wyq@localhost ~]$ python -m SimpleHTTPServer 8080
2 Serving HTTP on 0.0.0.0 port 8080 ...

使用telnet判断

telnet是windows标准服务，可以直接用；如果是linux机器，需要安装telnet.

用法: telnet ip port

先用telnet连接不存在的端口

[wyq@localhost ~]$ telnet localhost 9000
Trying 127.0.0.1...
telnet: connect to address 127.0.0.1: Connection refused

直接提示连接被拒绝

再连接上面提供的端口

[wyq@localhost ~]$ telnet localhost 8080
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.

看到"Connected to localhost." 可以知道连接成功了.

后台服务器有什么反映？

[wyq@localhost monitor]$ python -m SimpleHTTPServer 8080
Serving HTTP on 0.0.0.0 port 8080 ...

没有任何反映

此时telnet停住了，随便输入一个字符"a"，然后回车

[wyq@localhost ~]$ telnet localhost 8080
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
a
<head>
<title>Error response</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Error response</h1>
<p>Error code 400.
<p>Message: Bad request syntax ('a').
<p>Error code explanation: 400 = Bad request syntax or unsupported method.
</body>
Connection closed by foreign host.

再看服务器

[wyq@localhost monitor]$ python -m SimpleHTTPServer 8080
Serving HTTP on 0.0.0.0 port 8080 ...
127.0.0.1 - - [22/Aug/2014 07:15:16] code 400, message Bad request syntax ('a')
127.0.0.1 - - [22/Aug/2014 07:15:16] "a" 400 -

上面是linux环境下telnet连接一个web服务端口的情况.

使用ssh判断

ssh是linux的标准配置并且最常用，可以用来判断端口吗？

用法: ssh -v -p port username@ip

-v 调试模式(会打印日志).

-p 指定端口

username可以随意

连接不存在端口

[wyq@localhost ~]$ ssh -v -p 9000 wyq@localhost
OpenSSH_6.4, OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013
debug1: Reading configuration data /home/wyq/.ssh/config
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 51: Applying options for *
debug1: Connecting to localhost [127.0.0.1] port 9000.
debug1: connect to address 127.0.0.1 port 9000: Connection refused
ssh: connect to host localhost port 9000: Connection refused

"Connection refused"表示端口不可用

连接存在的端口

[wyq@localhost ~]$ ssh -v -p 8080 wyq@localhost
OpenSSH_6.4, OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013
debug1: Reading configuration data /home/wyq/.ssh/config
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 51: Applying options for *
debug1: Connecting to localhost [127.0.0.1] port 8080.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: identity file /home/wyq/.ssh/id_rsa type 1
debug1: identity file /home/wyq/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1
debug1: identity file /home/wyq/.ssh/id_dsa type -1
debug1: identity file /home/wyq/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1
debug1: identity file /home/wyq/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1
debug1: identity file /home/wyq/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1
debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.4
debug1: ssh_exchange_identification: <head>
debug1: ssh_exchange_identification: <title>Error response</title>
debug1: ssh_exchange_identification: </head>
debug1: ssh_exchange_identification: <body>
debug1: ssh_exchange_identification: <h1>Error response</h1>
debug1: ssh_exchange_identification: <p>Error code 400.
debug1: ssh_exchange_identification: <p>Message: Bad request syntax ('SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.4').
debug1: ssh_exchange_identification: <p>Error code explanation: 400 = Bad request syntax or unsupported method.
debug1: ssh_exchange_identification: </body>
ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host

"Connection established" 表示已经连上端口

服务器输出

[wyq@localhost ~]$ python -m SimpleHTTPServer 8080
Serving HTTP on 0.0.0.0 port 8080 ...
127.0.0.1 - - [22/Aug/2014 13:32:55] code 400, message Bad request syntax ('SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.4')
127.0.0.1 - - [22/Aug/2014 13:32:55] "SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.4" 400 -

使用wget判断

wget是linux下的下载工具，需要先安装.

用法: wget ip:port

连接不存在的端口

[wyq@localhost ~]$ wget localhost:9000
--2014-08-22 13:36:42--  http://localhost:9000/
正在解析主机 localhost (localhost)... 127.0.0.1
正在连接 localhost (localhost)|127.0.0.1|:9000... 失败：拒绝连接。

连接存在的端口

[wyq@localhost ~]$ wget localhost:8080
--2014-08-22 13:37:22--  http://localhost:8080/
正在解析主机 localhost (localhost)... 127.0.0.1
正在连接 localhost (localhost)|127.0.0.1|:8080... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：2770 (2.7K) [text/html]
正在保存至: “index.html”
100%[======================================>] 2,770       --.-K/s 用时 0s      
2014-08-22 13:37:22 (105 MB/s) - 已保存 “index.html” [2770/2770])

总结

提供端口服务，则使用了tcp协议，上面是以web服务器为例。如果服务器是更简单的tcp服务器，三个工具同样适用.

三个工具的共同点是：1.以tcp协议为基础；2.能访问指定端口. 遵循这两点可以找到很多工具.

一般在windows下使用telnet比较方便，linux下个人就比较喜欢用wget.