【HIVE】(3)联合查询join、时间戳函数、字符串函数

数据
t_join1.txt
1,a,1
2,b,2
3,c,4

t_join2.txt
1,2a
2,2b
3,2c

建表、导入:
	create table t_join1(id int, name string, cid int) row format delimited fields terminated by ",";
	create table t_join2(id int, name string) row format delimited fields terminated by ",";
	load data local inpath "/root/example/hive/data/t_join1.txt" into table t_join1;
	load data local inpath "/root/example/hive/data/t_join2.txt" into table t_join2;

join,多表联合查询
	join:只输出on条件相等的行
		select * from t_join1 t1 join t_join2 t2 on t1.cid=t2.id;
	
		等同于:
			select * from t_join1 t1 inner join t_join2 t2 on t1.cid=t2.id;
			select * from t_join1 t1, t_join2 t2 where t1.cid=t2.id;

	left join,输出on条件相等的行 + 左表剩余的行(这些行对应右表的字段使用NULLselect * from t_join1 t1 left join t_join2 t2 on t1.cid=t2.id;
	
	right join,输出on条件相等的行 + 右表剩余的行(这些行对应左表的字段使用NULLselect * from t_join1 t1 right join t_join2 t2 on t1.cid=t2.id;
	
	full join,输出左右两表所有行,on条件不满足的行,使用NULL
		select * from t_join1 t1 full join t_join2 t2 on t1.cid=t2.id;
		

built-in function,内置函数

	1.查看系统自带的函数
	hive> show functions;
	2.显示自带的函数的用法
	hive> desc function year;
	3.详细显示自带的函数的用法
	hive> desc function extended year;
	
	* 数值函数:
		round(DOUBLE a):四舍五入取整;
		round(DOUBLE a, INT d):指定小数点位数;
		rand()0~1之间的随机小数;
		select round(rand()*a+b):取[b, a+b]之间的整数;
	
	* 日期函数:
		- 当前时间:
			current_date
			current_timestamp
			
		- 时间戳函数:
			from_unixtime(bigint unixtime[, string format]):时间戳转换为时间;
			unix_timestamp():获取当前时间戳;
			unix_timestamp(string date):时间转换为时间戳;
		
		- 分别获取年、月、日:
			year(string date)
			quarter(date/timestamp/string)
			month(string date)
			day(string date) dayofmonth(date)
			hour(string date)
			minute(string date)
			second(string date)
			weekofyear(string date)
		
		- 时间间隔:
			datediff(string enddate, string startdate):两段时间相隔的天数;
			date_add(date/timestamp/string startdate, tinyint/smallint/int days):增加天数;
			date_sub(date/timestamp/string startdate, tinyint/smallint/int days):减少天数;
			
	* 条件函数:
		if(boolean testCondition, T valueTrue, T valueFalseOrNull)
		isnull( a )
		isnotnull ( a )
		nvl(T value, T default_value):替换空值;
		COALESCE(T v1, T v2, ...):返回第一个非空值;
		
		重难点: CASE a WHEN b THEN c [WHEN d THEN e]* [ELSE f] END:该函数可以将多行转换为多行多列;
			- 增加yuwen和shuxue列:
				select * , case course when "yuwen" then score else 0 end as yuwen, case course when "shuxue" then score else 0 end as shuxue from t_course;
			- 使用max分组:
				select sid, max(yuwen) as yuwen, max(shuxue) as shuxue from (select * , case course when "yuwen" then score else 0 end as yuwen, case course when "shuxue" then score else 0 end as shuxue from t_course) t group by sid;
			- 获取语文成绩比数学成绩好的学生:
				select * from (select sid, max(yuwen) as yuwen, max(shuxue) as shuxue from (select * , case course when "yuwen" then score else 0 end as yuwen, case course when "shuxue" then score else 0 end as shuxue from t_course) t group by sid) t  where yuwen>shuxue;
			
			还有另一种方法,可以完成上面任务,提示:使用collect_set(),大家可以先想想思路。
			
		CASE WHEN a THEN b [WHEN c THEN d]* [ELSE e] END
		
	* 字符串函数:
		concat(string|binary A, string|binary B...):字符串连接
		concat_ws(string SEP, string A, string B...):使用指定字符连接;
		substr(string|binary A, int start, int len):获取子字符串;
		substring(string|binary A, int start, int len):同上;
		trim(string A):去除两边空格;
		lower(string A) lcase(string A) upper(string A) ucase(string A):大小写转换;
		split(string str, string pat):字符串分割为数组;
		str_to_map(text[, delimiter1, delimiter2]):字符串转换为map;
		
		
		
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/BIG-BOSS-ZC/p/11807312.html