这次主要说一说tomcat的目录文件和配置文件
先看一看tomcat的目录结构，
bin：该目录下存放的是二进制可执行文件，如果是安装版，那么这个目录下会有两个exe文件：tomcat6.exe、tomcat6w.exe，前者是在控制台下启动Tomcat，后者是弹出UGI窗口启动Tomcat；如果是解压版，那么会有startup.bat和shutdown.bat文件，startup.bat用来启动Tomcat，但需要先配置JAVA_HOME环境变量才能启动，shutdawn.bat用来停止Tomcat；
conf：这是一个非常非常重要的目录，这个目录下有四个最为重要的文件：
lib：Tomcat的类库，里面是一大堆jar文件。如果需要添加Tomcat依赖的jar文件，可以把它放到这个目录中，当然也可以把应用依赖的jar文件放到这个目录中，这个目录中的jar所有项目都可以共享之，但这样你的应用放到其他Tomcat下时就不能再共享这个目录下的Jar包了，所以建议只把Tomcat需要的Jar包放到这个目录下；
logs：这个目录中都是日志文件，记录了Tomcat启动和关闭的信息，如果启动Tomcat时有错误，那么异常也会记录在日志文件中。
temp：存放Tomcat的临时文件，这个目录下的东西可以在停止Tomcat后删除！
webapps：存放web项目的目录，其中每个文件夹都是一个项目；如果这个目录下已经存在了目录，那么都是tomcat自带的。项目。其中ROOT是一个特殊的项目，在地址栏中没有给出项目目录时，对应的就是ROOT项目。http://localhost:8080/examples，进入示例项目。其中examples就是项目名，即文件夹的名字。
work：运行时生成的文件，最终运行的文件都在这里。通过webapps中的项目生成的！可以把这个目录下的内容删除，再次运行时会生再次生成work目录。当客户端用户访问一个JSP文件时，Tomcat会通过JSP生成Java文件，然后再编译Java文件生成class文件，生成的java和class文件都会存放到这个目录下。
LICENSE：许可证。
NOTICE：说明文件。
手动分割线
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进入conf
server.xml：配置整个服务器信息。例如修改端口号，添加虚拟主机等；下面会详细介绍这个文件；
tomcat-users.xml：存储tomcat用户的文件，这里保存的是tomcat的用户名及密码，以及用户的角色信息。可以按着该文件中的注释信息添加tomcat用户，然后就可以在Tomcat主页中进入Tomcat Manager页面了；
web.xml：部署描述符文件，这个文件中注册了很多MIME类型，即文档类型。这些MIME类型是客户端与服务器之间说明文档类型的，如用户请求一个html网页，那么服务器还会告诉客户端浏览器响应的文档是text/html类型的，这就是一个MIME类型。客户端浏览器通过这个MIME类型就知道如何处理它了。当然是在浏览器中显示这个html文件了。但如果服务器响应的是一个exe文件，那么浏览器就不可能显示它，而是应该弹出下载窗口才对。MIME就是用来说明文档的内容是什么类型的！
context.xml：对所有应用的统一配置，通常我们不会去配置它。
server.xml详解，先看看真实的内容吧，这是我的server.xml配置文件中的内容，
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!--
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
-->
<!-- Note: A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not
define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
Documentation at /docs/config/server.html
-->
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
<!-- Security listener. Documentation at /docs/config/listeners.html
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener" />
-->
<!--APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html -->
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
<!--Initialize Jasper prior to webapps are loaded. Documentation at /docs/jasper-howto.html -->
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" />
<!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs-->
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />
<!-- Global JNDI resources
Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html
-->
<GlobalNamingResources>
<!-- Editable user database that can also be used by
UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users
-->
<Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
description="User database that can be updated and saved"
factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
</GlobalNamingResources>
<!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share
a single "Container" Note: A "Service" is not itself a "Container",
so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
Documentation at /docs/config/service.html
-->
<Service name="Catalina">
<!--The connectors can use a shared executor, you can define one or more named thread pools-->
<!--
<Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-"
maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/>
-->
<!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received
and responses are returned. Documentation at :
Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html (blocking & non-blocking)
Java AJP Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html
APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html
Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080
-->
<!-- URIEncoding="UTF-8"是我加的-->
<!--
<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
connectionTimeout="20000"
redirectPort="8443" URIEncoding="UTF-8"/>
-->
<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
connectionTimeout="20000"
redirectPort="8443" />
<!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool-->
<!--
<Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool"
port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
connectionTimeout="20000"
redirectPort="8443" />
-->
<!-- Define a SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443
This connector uses the JSSE configuration, when using APR, the
connector should be using the OpenSSL style configuration
described in the APR documentation -->
<!--
<Connector port="8443" protocol="HTTP/1.1" SSLEnabled="true"
maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true"
clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" />
-->
<!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
<Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
<!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes
every request. The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone
analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them
on to the appropriate Host (virtual host).
Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html -->
<!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">
-->
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
<!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at:
/docs/cluster-howto.html (simple how to)
/docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) -->
<!--
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>
-->
<!-- Use the LockOutRealm to prevent attempts to guess user passwords
via a brute-force attack -->
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
<!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI
resources under the key "UserDatabase". Any edits
that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately
available for use by the Realm. -->
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
</Realm>
<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps"
unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
<!--
<Context path="" docBase="EnterTest" reloadable="true" />
-->
<!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications
Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
<!--
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />
-->
<!-- Access log processes all example.
Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html
Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" -->
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt"
pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />
</Host>
</Engine>
</Service>
</Server>结构：
<Server>
<Service>
<Connector>
<Engine>
<Host>
<Context>
<Server>：根元素，表示整个服务器的配置信息；
<Service>：<Server>的子元素，在<Server>中只能有一个<Service>元素，它表示服务；
<Connector>：<Service>的子元素，在<Service>中可以有N个<Connector>元素，它表示连接。
<Engine>：<Service>的子元素，在<Service>中只能有一<Engine>元素，该元素表示引擎，它是<Service>组件的核心。
<Host>：<Engine>的子元素，在<Engine>中可以有N个<Host>元素，每个<Host>元素表示一个虚拟主机。所谓虚拟主机就像是真的主机一样，每个主机都有自己的主机名和项目目录。例如<Host name=”localhost” appBase=”webapps”>表示主机名为localhost，这个主机的项目存放在webapps目录中。访问这个项目下的主机时，需要使用localhost主机名，项目都存放在webapps目录下。
<Context>：<Host>元素的子元素，在<Host>中可以有N个<Context>元素，每个<Context>元素表示一个应用。如果应用在<Host>的appBase指定的目录下，那么可以不配置<Context>元素，如果是外部应用，那么就必须配置<Context>。如果要为应用指定资源，也需要配置<Context>元素。
tomcat的配置有很多的可变性，要看自己的需要来配置，私人定制