Django REST framework之视图路由组件以及分层分析

视图

　　继承关系，视图可以优化api接口代码逻辑

举例：

表：

 1 from django.db import models
 2 
 3 
 4 class UserGroup(models.Model):
 5     title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
 6 
 7 
 8 class UserInfo(models.Model):
 9     user_type_choices = (
10         (1, '普通用户'),
11         (2, 'vip'),
12         (3, 'svip'),
13     )
14     user_type = models.IntegerField(choices=user_type_choices)
15     username = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True)
16     password = models.CharField(max_length=64)
17     group = models.ForeignKey('UserGroup', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
18     roles = models.ManyToManyField('Role')
19 
20 
21 class UserToken(models.Model):
22     user = models.OneToOneField(to='UserInfo', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
23     token = models.CharField(max_length=64)
24 
25 
26 class Role(models.Model):
27     title = models.CharField(max_length=32)

路由：

1 from django.contrib import admin
2 from django.urls import path, re_path, include
3 
4 urlpatterns = [
5     path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
6     re_path('api/', include('api.urls')),
7 ]

分发的路由：

 1 #!/usr/bin/env python
 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 3 
 4 from django.urls import path, re_path, include
 5 from api import views
 6 from rest_framework import routers
 7 
 8 router = routers.DefaultRouter()
 9 router.register('xx', views.View3View)
10 
11 urlpatterns = [
12     # 视图
13     re_path('(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/view1/$', views.View1View.as_view()),
14     # 视图裂开了
15     re_path('(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/view2/$', views.View2View.as_view({'get': 'list'})),
16     # 路由 http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/view3/?format=json&page=2
17     re_path('(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/view3/$', views.View3View.as_view({'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'})),
18     # 路由 http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/view3.json
19     re_path('(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/view3.(?P<format>w+)$', views.View3View.as_view({'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'})),
20     # 对数据操作获取到id
21     re_path('(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/view4/(?P<pk>d+)/$', views.View4View.as_view({'get': 'retrieve', 'delete': 'destroy', 'put': 'update', 'patch': 'partial_update'})),
22 
23     # 路由自动生成url
24     re_path('(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/', include(router.urls)),
25 ]

视图（ps:序列化用的上一篇的序列化类，分页类用的内置的）

 1 # ----------------------------视图继承GenericAPIView-----------------------------
 2 from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
 3 
 4 
 5 class View1View(GenericAPIView):
 6     """
 7     不太常用感觉
 8     """
 9     queryset = models.Role.objects.all()
10     serializer_class = PagerSerializer
11     pagination_class = PageNumberPagination
12 
13     def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
14         roles = self.get_queryset()  # queryset = models.Role.objects.all()
15         pager_roles = self.paginate_queryset(roles)  # pagination_class = PageNumberPagination实例化
16         ser = self.get_serializer(instance=pager_roles, many=True)   # serializer_class = PagerSerializer序列化
17         return Response(ser.data)
18 
19 # -----------------------------继承GenericViewSet--------------------------------
20 
21 
22 from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet
23 
24 
25 class View2View(GenericViewSet):
26     """
27     class GenericViewSet(ViewSetMixin, generics.GenericAPIView)
28     裂开了这里 ViewSetMixin--->as_view重写了
29     """
30     queryset = models.Role.objects.all()
31     serializer_class = PagerSerializer
32     pagination_class = PageNumberPagination
33 
34     def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
35         roles = self.get_queryset()  # queryset = models.Role.objects.all()
36         pager_roles = self.paginate_queryset(roles)  # pagination_class = PageNumberPagination实例化
37         ser = self.get_serializer(instance=pager_roles, many=True)  # serializer_class = PagerSerializer序列化
38         return Response(ser.data)
39 
40 # -----------------------------继承ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin----------------
41 from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet
42 from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin
43 
44 
45 class View3View(ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, GenericViewSet):
46     queryset = models.Role.objects.all()
47     serializer_class = PagerSerializer
48     pagination_class = PageNumberPagination
49 
50 
51 # -----------------------------继承ModelViewSet------------------------------------
52 from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
53 
54 
55 class View4View(ModelViewSet):
56     queryset = models.Role.objects.all()
57     serializer_class = PagerSerializer
58     pagination_class = PageNumberPagination

视图分层流程图

总结：

a.基本增删改查 ModelViewSet
b.复杂逻辑用GenericViewSet或者APIView