Netty入门(一)

一、简介

  Netty是基于Java NIO client-server的网络应用框架,使用Netty可以快速开发网络应用,例如服务器和客户端协议。Netty提供了一种新的方式来开发网络应用程序,这种新的方式使它很容易使用和具有很强的扩展性。Netty的内部实现是很复杂的,但是Netty提供了简单易用的API从网络处理代码中解耦业务逻辑。Netty是完全基于NIO实现的,所以整个Netty都是异步的。

  网络应用程序通常需要有较高的可扩展性,无论是Netty还是其他的基于Java Nio的框架,都会提供可扩展性的解决方案。Netty中一个关键组成部分是它的异步特性,本片文章将讨论同步(阻塞)和异步(非阻塞)的IO来说明为什么使用异步代码解决扩展性问题以及如何使用异步。

二、入门程序

2.1创建服务端

2.1.1创建HelloServer

package com.zy.netty.example;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;

public class HelloServer {
    /**
     * 服务端监听的端口地址
     */
    private static final int portNumber = 7878;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try {
            ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
            b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup);
            b.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class);
            b.childHandler(new HelloServerInitializer());

            // 服务器绑定端口监听
            ChannelFuture f = b.bind(portNumber).sync();
            // 监听服务器关闭监听
            f.channel().closeFuture().sync();

            // 可以简写为
            /* b.bind(portNumber).sync().channel().closeFuture().sync(); */
        } finally {
            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }
}

2.1.2创建和实现HelloServerInitializer

package com.zy.netty.example;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.Delimiters;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;

public class HelloServerInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
    @Override
    protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
        ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();

        // 以("
")为结尾分割的 解码器
        pipeline.addLast("framer", new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(8192, Delimiters.lineDelimiter()));

        // 字符串解码 和 编码
        pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder());
        pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder());

        // 自己的逻辑Handler
        pipeline.addLast("handler", new HelloServerHandler());
    }
}

2.1.3创建ServerHandler

package com.zy.netty.example;

import java.net.InetAddress;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;

public class HelloServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<String> {
/*    @Override
    protected void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, String msg) throws Exception {
        // 收到消息直接打印输出
        System.out.println(ctx.channel().remoteAddress() + " Say : " + msg);

        // 返回客户端消息 - 我已经接收到了你的消息
        ctx.writeAndFlush("Received your message !
");
    }*/

    /*
     * 
     * 覆盖 channelActive 方法 在channel被启用的时候触发 (在建立连接的时候)
     * 
     * channelActive 和 channelInActive 在后面的内容中讲述,这里先不做详细的描述
     */
    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {

        System.out.println("RamoteAddress : " + ctx.channel().remoteAddress() + " active !");

        ctx.writeAndFlush("Welcome to " + InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostName() + " service!
");

        super.channelActive(ctx);
    }

    @Override
    protected void messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, String msg) throws Exception {
        System.out.println(ctx.channel().remoteAddress() + " Say : " + msg);

        // 返回客户端消息 - 我已经接收到了你的消息
        ctx.writeAndFlush("Received your message !
");
    }
}

2.2Client客户端

2.2.1创建HelloClient

package com.zy.netty.example;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;

public class HelloClient {
    public static String host = "127.0.0.1";
    public static int port = 7878;

    /**
     * @param args
     * @throws InterruptedException
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, IOException {
        EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try {
            Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
            b.group(group).channel(NioSocketChannel.class).handler(new HelloClientInitializer());

            // 连接服务端
            Channel ch = b.connect(host, port).sync().channel();

            // 控制台输入
            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
            for (;;) {
                String line = in.readLine();
                if (line == null) {
                    continue;
                }
                /*
                 * 向服务端发送在控制台输入的文本 并用"
"结尾 之所以用
结尾 是因为我们在handler中添加了
                 * DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder 帧解码。
                 * 这个解码器是一个根据
符号位分隔符的解码器。所以每条消息的最后必须加上
否则无法识别和解码
                 */
                ch.writeAndFlush(line + "
");
            }
        } finally {
            // The connection is closed automatically on shutdown.
            group.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }
}

2.2.2创建和实现HelloClientInitalizer

package com.zy.netty.example;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.Delimiters;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;

public class HelloClientInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>{
    @Override
         protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
             ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
     
             /*
              * 这个地方的 必须和服务端对应上。否则无法正常解码和编码
              * 
              * 解码和编码 我将会在下一张为大家详细的讲解。再次暂时不做详细的描述
              * 
              * */
             pipeline.addLast("framer", new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(8192, Delimiters.lineDelimiter()));
             pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder());
             pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder());
             
             // 客户端的逻辑
             pipeline.addLast("handler", new HelloClientHandler());
         }
}

2.2.3创建ClientHandler

package com.zy.netty.example;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;

public class HelloClientHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<String> {
    /*
     * @Override protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, String
     * msg) throws Exception {
     * 
     * System.out.println("Server say : " + msg); }
     */

    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("Client active ");
        super.channelActive(ctx);
    }

    @Override
    public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("Client close ");
        super.channelInactive(ctx);
    }

    @Override
    protected void messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, String msg) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("Server say : " + msg);
    }
}

以上例子是一个最简单的服务端和客户端通信的模型,主要原理是服务端和客户端监听同一个ip的端口,监听到信息作出相应的反应

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zyxiaohuihui/p/9093137.html