【知识总结】数学必修四、必修五三角函数公式总结

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博主学不动了。

诱导公式

先给出一张重要的图
sincos.jpg

(快感谢我这次用 Geogebra 画图而不是 MS-Paint)

第一组

[sin (alpha+kcdot 2pi)=sinalpha(kin Z) ]

[cos (alpha+kcdot 2pi)=cosalpha(kin Z) ]

[ an (alpha+kcdot 2pi)= analpha(kin Z) ]

第二组

[sin(alpha+pi)=-sin alpha ]

[cos(alpha+pi)=-cosalpha ]

[ an(alpha+pi)= analpha ]

第三组

[sin(-alpha)=-sinalpha ]

[cos(-alpha)=cosalpha ]

[ an(-alpha)=- analpha ]

第四组

[sin(pi-alpha)=sin alpha ]

[cos(pi-alpha)=cosalpha ]

[ an(pi-alpha)=- analpha ]

以上四组根据上图显然。

第五组

[sin(frac{pi}{2}-alpha)=cosalpha ]

[cos(frac{pi}{2}-alpha)=sinalpha ]

[ an(frac{pi}{2}-alpha)=frac{1}{ analpha} ]

这是常识(雾)。

第六组

[sin(alpha+frac{pi}{2})=cosalpha ]

[cos(alpha+frac{pi}{2})=-sinalpha ]

[ an(alpha+frac{pi}{2})=-frac{1}{ analpha} ]

证明:

[egin{aligned} sin(alpha+frac{pi}{2}) &=cos(frac{pi}{2}-alpha-frac{pi}{2})\ &=cos(-alpha)\ &=cos alpha end{aligned}]

[egin{aligned} cos(alpha+frac{pi}{2}) &=sin(frac{pi}{2}-alpha-frac{pi}{2})\ &=sin(-alpha)\ &=-sin alpha end{aligned}]

[egin{aligned} an(alpha+frac{pi}{2}) &=frac{sin(alpha+frac{pi}{2})}{cos(alpha+frac{pi}{2})}\ &=frac{cosalpha}{-sinalpha}\ &=-frac{1}{ analpha} end{aligned}]

和差角公式

[cos(alpha-eta)=cosalphacoseta+sinalphasineta ]

[cos(alpha+eta)=cosalphacoseta-sinalphasineta ]

[sin(alpha-eta)=sinalphacoseta-cosalphasineta ]

[sin(alpha+eta)=sinalphacoseta+cosalphasineta ]

证明:如图所示,(A(cosalpha,sinalpha))(B(coseta,sineta))

此处需要用到向量点积。

[egin{aligned} cos(alpha-eta)&= frac{vec{OA}cdotvec{OB}}{|vec{OA}||vec{OB}|}\ &=frac{x_Ax_B+y_Ay_B}{1 imes1}\ &=cosalphacoseta+sinalphasineta end{aligned}]

[egin{aligned} cos(alpha+eta) &=cosleft(alpha-(-eta) ight)\ &=cosalphacos(-eta)+sinalphasin(-eta)\ &=cosalphacoseta-sinalphasineta\ end{aligned}]

[egin{aligned} sin(alpha-eta) &=cos(frac{pi}{2}-(alpha-eta))\ &=cos((frac{pi}{2}-alpha)+eta))\ &=cos(frac{pi}{2}-alpha)coseta-sin(frac{pi}{2}-alpha)sineta\ &=sinalphacoseta-cosalphasineta\ end{aligned}]

[egin{aligned} sin(alpha+eta) &=cos(frac{pi}{2}-(alpha+eta))\ &=cos((frac{pi}{2}-alpha)-eta))\ &=cos(frac{pi}{2}-alpha)coseta+sin(frac{pi}{2}-alpha)sineta\ &=sinalphacoseta+cosalphasineta\ end{aligned}]

二倍角公式

[cos(2alpha)=cos^2alpha-sin^2alpha=2cos^2alpha-1=1-2sin^2alpha ]

[sin(2alpha)=2cosalphasinalpha ]

(2alpha) 带入加法公式即可。

[ an(2alpha)=frac{2 analpha}{1- an^2alpha} ]

证明:

[egin{aligned} an(2alpha) &=frac{sin{2alpha}}{cos{2alpha}}\ &=frac{2sinalphacosalpha}{cos^2alpha-sin^2alpha}\ &=frac{frac{2sinalpha}{cosalpha}}{1-frac{sin^2alpha}{cos^2alpha}}\ &=frac{2 analpha}{1- an^2alpha} end{aligned} ]

半角公式

[cos(frac{alpha}{2})=pmsqrt{frac{1+cosalpha}{2}} ]

[sin(frac{alpha}{2})=pmsqrt{frac{1-cosalpha}{2}} ]

证明:

[egin{aligned} cosalpha&=2cos^2(frac{alpha}{2})-1\ cos(frac{alpha}{2})&=pmsqrt{frac{1+cosalpha}{2}}\ end{aligned}]

[egin{aligned} cosalpha&=1-2sin^2(frac{alpha}{2})\ sin(frac{alpha}{2})&=pmsqrt{frac{1-cosalpha}{2}}\ end{aligned}]

[egin{aligned} an(frac{alpha}{2})&=frac{sin(frac{alpha}{2})}{cos(frac{alpha}{2})}\ &=frac{pmsqrt{frac{1-cosalpha}{2}}}{pmsqrt{frac{1+cosalpha}{2}}}\ &=pmsqrt{frac{1-cosalpha}{1+cosalpha}} end{aligned}]

正弦定理

[frac{a}{sin A}=frac{b}{sin B}=frac{c}{sin C}=2R ]

其中 (R) 是外接圆半径。

余弦定理

[a^2=b^2+c^2-2bccos A ]

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zyt1253679098/p/11425328.html