Django学习之

视图：Views

获取用户请求的方法：
1： request.GET
2： request.POST
3： request.FILES
# checkbox 等多选文件
4：request.POST.getlist()
# 上传文件,form标签要做特殊设置
　　obj = request.FILES.get('fafafa')
　　obj.name 上传的文件名
　　obj.chunks() 上传的文件内容
　　f = open(obj.name,mode='wb')
　　for item in obj.chunks():
　　　　f.write(item)
　　f.close()
实例：注册register视图函数

 1 def register(request):
 2     if request.method == 'GET':
 3         return render(request,'register.html')
 4     elif request.method == 'POST':
 5         uname = request.POST.get('username',None)
 6         upwd = request.POST.get('pwd',None)
 7         print('用户名：',uname,'密码:',upwd)
 8         ugender = request.POST.get('gender',None)
 9         print('性别：', ugender)
10         ufavor = request.POST.getlist('favor',None)
11         print('爱好：',ufavor)
12         ucity = request.POST.getlist('city',None)
13         print('城市:',ucity)
14         obj = request.FILES.get('upfile')
15         tmppath = os.path.join('upload',obj.name)
16         f = open(tmppath,mode='wb')
17         for item in obj.chunks():
18             f.write(item)
19         return HttpResponse('注册完毕')
20     else:
21         return redirect('/register')

View Code

5：request.method
6：request.path_info
7：request.COOKIES
request.body # 所有提交的数据的原生值
　　- request.POST
　　- request.GET
　　- request.FILES
　　- request.xxx.getlist
request.Meta # 获取提交的数据的请求头信息,如客户端游览器这里可以提取到
　　- request.method(POST,GET,PUT)
　　- request.path_info
　　- request.COOKIES
返回3种：
　　return HttpResponse('字符串或者字节')
　　return render()
　　return redirect()
返回cookie,并且可以自定义添加响应头返回给客户端，客户端游览器可以在响应头查看到返回的值
　　response = HttpResponse('china')
　　response['name'] = jack
　　response.set_cookie()
　　return response

FBV & CBV
FBV ( function base view) ：就是在视图里使用函数处理请求。
/index ==> 函数
CBV ( class base view) ：就是在视图里使用类处理请求
/index ==> 类
实例cbv写法：

 1 urls写法：
 2 url(r'^cbv',views.cbv.as_view()),
 3 
 4 视图函数：
 5 class cbv(View):
 6     def dispath(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
 7         # 调用父类中的dispath
 8         print('before')
 9         result = super(cbv,self).dispatch(request,*args,**kwargs)
10         print('after')
11         return result
12     def get(self,request):
13         print(request.method)
14         return render(request,'CBV.html')
15     def post(self,request):
16         print(request.method,'POST')
17         return render(request,'CBV.html')

CBV

建议：俩者都用
CBV / FBV 装饰器
FBV 装饰器：
　　def auth(func):
　　　　def inner(request,*args,**kwargs):
　　　　　　v = request.COOKIES.get('uname')
　　　　　　if not v:
　　　　　　　　return redirect('/ug/login')
　　　　　　return func(*args,**kwargs)
　　　　return inner
CBV 装饰器：
　　from django import views
　　from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator
　　class Order(views.View):
　　　　@method_decorator(auth)
　　　　def get(self,request):
　　　　　　v = request.COOKIES.get('uname')
　　　　　　return render(request,'index.html',{'current_user':v})
　　　　def post(self,request):
　　　　　　v = request.COOKIES.get('uname')
　　　　　　return render(request,'index.html',{'current_user':v})

- 获取请求的其他信息
通过pring(type(request))获取模块文件名
from django.core.handlers.wsgi import WSGIRequest
request.environ # 输出请求的所有信息
request.environ['HTTP_USER_AGENT'] # 获取http_user_agent数据
通过以上方法提取环境数据
- 分页（自定义）
XSS:
前台：{{ page_str|safe }}
后台：mark_safe(page_str)
分页实例：

html页面

 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 <head>
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <title>分页</title>
 6     <style>
 7         .page {
 8             background:#9acfea;
 9             padding: 5px;
10             margin:5px;
11         }
12         .active{
13             background:red;
14         }
15     </style>
16 </head>
17 <body>
18     <ul>
19         {% for i in li %}
20         {% include 'li.html' %}
21         {% endfor %}
22     </ul>
23 {#    {{ page_str|safe }}#}
24     <div style="float: left;">
25         <select id='ps' onchange="changePageSize(this);">
26             <option value="10">10</option>
27             <option value="50">50</option>
28             <option value="100">100</option>
29         </select>
30     </div>
31     <div style="float: left;">
32         {{ page_str }}
33     </div>
34 <script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.min.js"></script>
35 <script src="/static/jquery-cookie/jquery.cookie.js"></script>
36 <script>
37     /*select选项框修改为当前显示数量*/
38     $(function () {
39         var v = $.cookie('per_page_count',{'path':"/ug/userlist"});
40         $('#ps').val(v)
41     });
42     /*select选项框选择后自动刷新页面*/
43     function changePageSize(ths) {
44         var v = $(ths).val();
45         $.cookie('per_page_count',v,{'path':"/ug/userlist"});
46         location.reload();
47     }
48 </script>
49 </body>
50 </html>

View Code

视图函数

 1 from utils import pagination
 2 ulist = []
 3 for i in range(1009):
 4     ulist.append(i)
 5 def userlist(request):
 6     current_page = request.GET.get('p',1)
 7     current_page = int(current_page)
 8     val = request.COOKIES.get('per_page_count',10)
 9     page_obj = pagination.Page(current_page,len(ulist),int(val))
10     data = ulist[page_obj.start:page_obj.end]
11     page_str = page_obj.page_str('/ug/userlist/')
12     return render(request,'userlist.html',{'li':data,'page_str':page_str})

View Code

后台模块：pagination

 1 #!/bin/env python
 2 #Author: zhaoyong
 3 from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
 4 class Page:
 5     '''
 6     实现分页显示功能类
 7     '''
 8     def __init__(self,current_page,data_count,per_page_count = 10,pager_num=7):
 9         '''
10         用于分页模块
11         :param current_page: 当前页
12         :param data_count: 数据总个数
13         ;:param per_page_count: 每页显示数据数量
14         ;:param pager_num: 每页的页码总数
15         '''
16         self.current_page = current_page
17         self.data_count = data_count
18         self.per_page_count = per_page_count
19         self.pager_num = pager_num
20     @property
21     def start(self):
22         ''' 列表切片起始索引位置'''
23         return (self.current_page - 1) * self.per_page_count
24     @property
25     def end(self):
26         ''' 列表切片结束索引位置'''
27         return self.current_page * self.per_page_count
28     @property
29     def all_count(self):
30         '''生成页码的总数'''
31         v, y = divmod(self.data_count, self.per_page_count)
32         if y:
33             v += 1
34         return v
35     def page_str(self,base_url):
36         ''' 实现具体的分页显示'''
37         page_list = []
38         if self.all_count < self.pager_num:
39             start_page = 1
40             end_page = self.all_count + 1
41         else:
42             if self.current_page < (self.pager_num + 1) / 2:
43                 start_page = 1
44                 end_page = self.pager_num + 1
45             else:
46                 start_page = self.current_page - (self.pager_num - 1) / 2
47                 end_page = self.current_page + (self.pager_num + 1) / 2
48                 if self.current_page + (self.pager_num - 1) / 2 > self.all_count:
49                     start_page = self.all_count - self.pager_num + 1
50                     end_page = self.all_count + 1
51 
52         if self.current_page <= 1:
53             prv = '<a class="page" href="javascript:void(0);">上一页</a>'
54         else:
55             prv = '<a class="page" href=%s?p=%s>上一页</a>' % (base_url,self.current_page - 1)
56         page_list.append(prv)
57         for i in range(int(start_page), int(end_page)):
58             if i == self.current_page:
59                 temp = '<a class="page active" href=%s?p=%s>%s</a>' % (base_url,i, i)
60             else:
61                 temp = '<a class="page" href=%s?p=%s>%s</a>' % (base_url,i, i)
62             page_list.append(temp)
63         if self.current_page == self.all_count:
64             next = '<a class="page" href="javascript:void(0);">下一页</a>'
65         else:
66             next = '<a class="page" href=%s?p=%s>下一页</a>' % (base_url,self.current_page + 1)
67         page_list.append(next)
68         jump = '''
69             <input type='text' /><a onclick="jumpto(this,'%s?p=');">GO</a>
70             <script>
71                 function jumpto(ths,base){
72                     var val = ths.previousSibling.value;
73                     if(val.length != 0){
74                     location.href = base + val;
75                     }
76                 }
77             </script>
78         ''' % (base_url)
79         page_list.append(jump)
80         page_str = mark_safe(''.join(page_list))
81         return page_str

View Code