Codeforces Round #318 [RussianCodeCup Thanks-Round] (Div. 2) A. Bear and Elections 优先队列

                                                A. Bear and Elections

                                                                                                                                                                           time limit per test 

1 second

                                                                                     memory limit per test 

256 megabytes

 

Limak is a grizzly bear who desires power and adoration. He wants to win in upcoming elections and rule over the Bearland.

There are n candidates, including Limak. We know how many citizens are going to vote for each candidate. Now i-th candidate would get ai votes. Limak is candidate number 1. To win in elections, he must get strictly more votes than any other candidate.

Victory is more important than everything else so Limak decided to cheat. He will steal votes from his opponents by bribing some citizens. To bribe a citizen, Limak must give him or her one candy - citizens are bears and bears like candies. Limak doesn't have many candies and wonders - how many citizens does he have to bribe?

Input

The first line contains single integer n (2 ≤ n ≤ 100) - number of candidates.

The second line contains n space-separated integers a1, a2, ..., an (1 ≤ ai ≤ 1000) - number of votes for each candidate. Limak is candidate number 1.

Note that after bribing number of votes for some candidate might be zero or might be greater than 1000.

Output

Print the minimum number of citizens Limak must bribe to have strictly more votes than any other candidate.

Sample test(s)

input

5
5 1 11 2 8

output

4

input

4
1 8 8 8

output

6

input

2
7 6

output

0

Note

In the first sample Limak has 5 votes. One of the ways to achieve victory is to bribe 4 citizens who want to vote for the third candidate. Then numbers of votes would be 9, 1, 7, 2, 8 (Limak would have 9 votes). Alternatively, Limak could steal only 3 votes from the third candidate and 1 vote from the second candidate to get situation 9, 0, 8, 2, 8.

In the second sample Limak will steal 2 votes from each candidate. Situation will be 7, 6, 6, 6.

In the third sample Limak is a winner without bribing any citizen.

题解：优先队列不多说

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<string>
#include<algorithm>
#include<queue>
#include<cmath>
#include<map>
using namespace std ;
typedef long long ll;
#define inf 100000
inline ll read()
{
    ll x=0,f=1;char ch=getchar();
    while(ch<'0'||ch>'9'){if(ch=='-')f=-1;ch=getchar();}
    while(ch>='0'&&ch<='9'){x=x*10+ch-'0';ch=getchar();}
    return x*f;
}
//******************************************************************
struct ss
{
    int x,index;
    friend bool operator < (ss a, ss b)
    {
        return a.x<b.x;
    }
};
priority_queue<ss >q;
int main()
{
    int n,x;
    int sum=0;
    int y[1001];
    scanf("%d",&n);
    scanf("%d",&x);ss k,kk;
    for(int i=0;i<n-1;i++)
    {
        scanf("%d",&y[i]);
        if(y[i]>=x)
        {
            k.x=y[i];
            k.index=i+2;
            q.push(k);
        }
    }
    k.x=x;
    k.index=1;
    q.push(k);
    int ans=0;
    while(1)
    {
        k=q.top();
        if(k.index==1)break;
        q.pop();
        kk.x=k.x-1;
        kk.index=k.index;
        q.push(kk);
        x++;
        kk.x=x;
        kk.index=1;
        q.push(kk);
        ans++;
    }
    cout<<ans<<endl;
    return 0;
}