注解

是1.5 java引入的

作用:可以完整的描述程序所需要的信息,简化了一些程序难以描述的信息吗,或者是简化的一些代码的编写

标准注解

@override:方法的重写

@Deprecated: 过时的

@Supresswarning:压制警告

元注解

@Taget:表示该注解可用的位置

  • TYPE: Class, interface (including annotation type), or enum declaration
  • FIELD:Field declaration (includes enum constants:常量)
  • METHOD:Method declaration
  • PARAMETER:Formal(形参) parameter declaration
  • CONSTRUCTOR:Constructor declaration
  • LOCAL_VARIABLE:Local variable declaration 用于描述局部变量
  • ANNOTATION_TYPE:Annotation type declaration
  • PACKAGE:Package declaration
  • TYPE_PARAMETER:Type parameter declaration @since 1.8 用来标注类型参数
  • TYPE_USE:Use of a type @since 1.8 能标注任何类型名称

@Retention : 表示要在什么级别保存该注解信息

  • source:注解将被编译器丢弃
  • class:注解在class文件中可用,会被vm丢弃
  • runtime:vm在运行时注解也保留注解,可以通过反射来读取注解的信息

@Documented:表示包含在javadoc中

@ Inherited:允许子类继承

注解元素

注解元素可以使用的类型:

  • 所有基本类型
  • String
  • Class
  • enum
  • Annotation
  • 以上类型的数组

使用了其他的类型会报错

元素的默认值

  • 不能有不明确的值,要么给定默认值,要么注解的时候声明
  • 不能使用null,如果要表示不存在自定义一些标记 “ ”| -1 等等
  • 注解中的value是默认可以不写

写的一个sql的生成的demo

//table的表名
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface DBTableTest {
    public String name() default "";
}

//没用到column
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface ConstraintsTest {

    public String column() default "";

    long length() default 0;

    boolean primaryKey() default false;

    boolean unique() default false;

    boolean nullAble() default true;

}

//sql中的数据类型
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface SqlIntegerTest {

    String name() default "";

    int value() default 0;

    ConstraintsTest constraints() default @ConstraintsTest;

}


@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface SqlStringTest {

    String name() default "";

    String value() default "";

    ConstraintsTest constraints() default @ConstraintsTest;

}

//可以给ConstraintsTest注解设置默认值
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface UniquenessTest {
    ConstraintsTest constraints ()default @ConstraintsTest(unique = true);
}


@DBTableTest(name = "person")
public class PersonTest {
    @SqlStringTest(name = "name",constraints = @ConstraintsTest(length = 5))
    private String name;
    @SqlIntegerTest(name = "age",constraints = @ConstraintsTest(length = 5))
    private Integer age;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

//sql生成类
public class TableCreatorTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        String className = "annotations.test.database.PersonTest";
        Class<?> aClass = Class.forName(className);
        DBTableTest dbTable = aClass.getAnnotation(DBTableTest.class);
        String tableName = dbTable.name();
        if ("".equals(tableName)) {
            tableName = aClass.getName().toUpperCase();
        }
        final StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("create tasble ");
        sb.append(tableName);

        List<String> columnDef = new ArrayList<String>();
        Field[] fields = aClass.getDeclaredFields();
        for (Field field : fields) {
            Annotation[] annos = field.getAnnotations();
            if (annos.length == 0) {
                continue;
            } else {
                for (Annotation anno : annos) {
                    if (anno instanceof SqlStringTest) {
                        SqlStringTest anno1 = (SqlStringTest) anno;
                        String columnName = anno1.name();
                        if (columnName.length() < 1) {
                            columnName = field.getName();
                        }
                        ConstraintsTest constraints = anno1.constraints();
                        long length = anno1.constraints().length() == 0 ? 5 : constraints.length();
                        columnDef.add(columnName + " varchar2(" + length + ") "+ getConstraints(constraints));
                    } else if (anno instanceof SqlIntegerTest) {
                        SqlIntegerTest anno1 = (SqlIntegerTest) anno;
                        String columnName = anno1.name();
                        if (columnName.length() < 1) {
                            columnName = field.getName();
                        }
                        ConstraintsTest constraints = anno1.constraints();
                        long length = constraints.length() == 0 ? 5 : constraints.length();
                        columnDef.add(columnName + " int " + getConstraints(constraints));
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        if (!columnDef.isEmpty()) {
            for (int i = 0; i < columnDef.size(); i++) {
                if (i == 0) {
                    sb.append("(");
                }else if (i == columnDef.size()-1) {
                    sb.append(columnDef.get(i)+");");
                    break;
                }
                sb.append(columnDef.get(i)+",");
            }
        }else {
            System.out.println("生成sql失败,请检查field上的注解");;
        }

        System.out.println(sb);
    }

    private static String getConstraints(ConstraintsTest constraints) {
        String sql = "";
        if (constraints.primaryKey()) {
            sql +="PRIMARY KEY ";
        }else if(constraints.unique()){
            sql += "unique ";
        }else if(constraints.nullAble()){
            sql += "not null ";
        }
        return sql;
    }
}
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zpyu521/p/11846129.html