Django入门2:路由系统

1、单一路由对应

　　url(r'^index/', views.index), # FBV
　　url(r'^home/', views.Home.as_view()), # CBV

2、基于正则的路由

 1 url(r'^detail-(d+).html', views.detail),
 2 
 3 url(^'^detail-(d+)-(d+).html',views.detail),
 4 '''
 5 严格按照位置参数的顺序传入参数，如果在实际环境中，def detail(request,nid,uid)在定义时，参数的指定出现差错，则会导致下面的对参数的引用出现错误。
 6 '''
 7 
 8 url(r'^detail-(?P<nid>d+)-(?P<uid>d+).html', views.detail),
 9 '''
10 传参时确保了nid=第一个传入的位置参数，uid=第二个传入的位置参数。
11 '''

　　实例1：实现 ?nid={{ id }}的url：

 1 from django.conf.urls import url
 2 from django.contrib import admin
 3 from app01 import views
 4 
 5 urlpatterns = [
 6     url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
 7     url(r'^login',views.login),
 8     url(r'^index',views.index),
 9     url(r'^detail',views.detail),
10     # url(r'^detail-(d+).html',views.detail),
11     url(r'^home',views.Home.as_view()),  #对应类Home的对应方法
12 ]

urls.py:

 1 USER_DICT={
 2     '1':{'name':'root1','email':'root@live.com'},
 3     '2':{'name':'root2','email':'root@live.com'},
 4     '3':{'name':'root3','email':'root@live.com'},
 5     '4':{'name':'root4','email':'root@live.com'},
 6     '5':{'name':'root5','email':'root@live.com'},
 7 }
 8 
 9 def detail(request):
10     nid=request.GET.get('nid',None)
11     detail_info=USER_DICT[nid]
12     return render(request,'detail.html',{'detail_info':detail_info})

views.py:

 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 <head>
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <title>Title</title>
 6 </head>
 7 <body>
 8     <h1>详细信息</h1>
 9     <h6>用户名：{{ detail_info.name }}</h6>
10     <h6>邮箱：{{ detail_info.email }}</h6>
11 </body>
12 </html>

detail.html:

 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 <head>
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <title>Title</title>
 6 </head>
 7 <body>
 8 
 9     <ul>
10         {% for k,v in user_dict.items %}
11             <li><a target=_blank href="/detail?nid={{ k }}">{{ v.name }}</a></li>
12         {% endfor %}
13     </ul>
14 
15 </body>
16 </html>

index.html:

　　实例2：实现url-{{ id }} 以这种方式用正则表达式取页面。

 1 from django.conf.urls import url
 2 from django.contrib import admin
 3 from app01 import views
 4 
 5 urlpatterns = [
 6     url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
 7     url(r'^login',views.login),
 8     url(r'^index',views.index),
 9     # url(r'^detail',views.detail),
10     url(r'^detail-(d+).html',views.detail),
11     url(r'^home',views.Home.as_view()),  #对应类Home的对应方法
12 ]

urls.py:

 1 USER_DICT={
 2     '1':{'name':'root1','email':'root@live.com'},
 3     '2':{'name':'root2','email':'root@live.com'},
 4     '3':{'name':'root3','email':'root@live.com'},
 5     '4':{'name':'root4','email':'root@live.com'},
 6     '5':{'name':'root5','email':'root@live.com'},
 7 }
 8 
 9 def detail(request,nid):
10     # nid=request.GET.get('nid',None)
11     detail_info=USER_DICT[nid]
12     return render(request,'detail.html',{'detail_info':detail_info})

views.py:

 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 <head>
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <title>Title</title>
 6 </head>
 7 <body>
 8     <h1>详细信息</h1>
 9     <h6>用户名：{{ detail_info.name }}</h6>
10     <h6>邮箱：{{ detail_info.email }}</h6>
11 </body>
12 </html>

detail.html:

 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 <head>
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <title>Title</title>
 6 </head>
 7 <body>
 8 
 9     <ul>
10         {% for k,v in user_dict.items %}
11             <li><a target=_blank href="/detail-{{ k }}.html">{{ v.name }}</a></li>
12         {% endfor %}
13     </ul>
14 
15 </body>
16 </html>

index.html:

3、为路由映射设置名称
对URL路由关系进行命名， ***** 以后可以根据此名称生成自己想要的URL *****

 1 url(r'^asdfasdfasdf/', views.index, name='i1'),
 2 对应在index.html中：
 3 <form action="{% url "i1" %}" method="POST">
 4 
 5 url(r'^index/(d+)/(d+)/', views.index, name='i2'),
 6 对应在index.html中：
 7 <form action="{% url "i2" 1 2 %}" method="POST">
 8 
 9 url(r'^index/(?P<pid>d+)/(?P<nid>d+)/', views.index, name='i3'),
10 对应在index.html中：
11 <form action="{% url "i3" pid=1 nid=9 %}" method="POST">
12 
13 # 获取当前的URL
14 request.path_info
15 
16 
17 # 在函数中生成URL
18 def func(request, *args, **kwargs):
19 from django.urls import reverse
20 
21 url1 = reverse('i1') # asdfasdfasdf/
22 url2 = reverse('i2', args=(1,2,)) # index/1/2/
23 url3 = reverse('i3', kwargs={'pid': 1, "nid": 9}) # index/1/9/

4、多级路由：根据app对路由规则进行分类
客户端请求先到project/urls.py中进行匹配，匹配到下面的各个app的app/urls.py中。

1 from django.conf.urls import url,include
2 from django.contrib import admin
3 
4 urlpatterns = [
5 url(r'^cmdb/', include("app01.urls")),
6 url(r'^monitor/', include("app02.urls")),
7 ]

project/urls.py

1 from django.conf.urls import url,include
2 from django.contrib import admin
3 from app01 import views
4 
5 urlpatterns = [
6 url(r'^login/', views.login),
7 ]

app01/urls.py

1 from django.conf.urls import url,include
2 from django.contrib import admin
3 from app02 import views
4 
5 urlpatterns = [
6 url(r'^login/', views.login),
7 ]

app02/urls.py

5、默认值

　　url(r'^index/', views.index, {'name': 'root'}),

1 def index(request,name):  
2     print(name)
3     return HttpResponse('OK')

views.py

在url中添加额外的参数后，在对应的视图函数中必须设置相应的形式参数name。在执行该方法时会自动传入默认值‘root'作为实参。

6、命名空间

a. project.urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url,include
 
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^a/', include('app01.urls', namespace='author-polls')),
    url(r'^b/', include('app01.urls', namespace='publisher-polls')),
]

b. app01.urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url
from app01 import views
 
app_name = 'app01'
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^(?P<pk>d+)/$', views.detail, name='detail')
]

c. app01.views.py

def detail(request, pk):
    print(request.resolver_match)
    return HttpResponse(pk)

以上定义带命名空间的url之后，使用name生成URL时候，应该如下：

v = reverse('author-polls:detail', kwargs={'pk':11})
{% url 'author-polls:detail' pk=11 %}

django中的路由系统和其他语言的框架有所不同，在django中每一个请求的url都要有一条路由映射，这样才能将请求交给对一个的view中的函数去处理。其他大部分的Web框架则是对一类的url请求做一条路由映射，从而是路由系统变得简洁。