LinkedList,HashSet,HashMap

LinkedList底层源码是采用双向链表实现的

 private static class Node<E> {
        E item;//节点值
        Node<E> next;//节点后指针
        Node<E> prev;//节点前指针

        Node(Node<E> prev, E element, Node<E> next) {
            this.item = element;
            this.next = next;
            this.prev = prev;
        }
    }

何为双向列表,单向链表为通过后继可以找到下一个指向的元素;双向链表为既可以通过后继找到下一个指向的元素,也可以通过前驱找到前一个元素。基于链表实现的方式使得LinkedList在插入和删除时更优于ArrayList,而随机访问则比ArrayList逊色些

HashSet

/**
     * Constructs a new, empty set; the backing <tt>HashMap</tt> instance has
     * default initial capacity (16) and load factor (0.75).
     */
    public HashSet() {
        map = new HashMap<>();
    }


源码中可以看到,hashSet的实现实际是由hashMap实现的,hashMap默认长度是16

HashSet中的add方法源码

 /**
     * Adds the specified element to this set if it is not already present.
     * More formally, adds the specified element <tt>e</tt> to this set if
     * this set contains no element <tt>e2</tt> such that
     * <tt>(e==null&nbsp;?&nbsp;e2==null&nbsp;:&nbsp;e.equals(e2))</tt>.
     * If this set already contains the element, the call leaves the set
     * unchanged and returns <tt>false</tt>.
     *
     * @param e element to be added to this set
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this set did not already contain the specified
     * element
     */
    public boolean add(E e) {
        return map.put(e, PRESENT)==null;
    }

是通过map.put 其中对象e作为key,而

 // Dummy value to associate with an Object in the backing Map
    private static final Object PRESENT = new Object();

PERSENT作为value ,所以hashSet是唯一的,因为HashMap中key是唯一的

HashMap

  hashMap是基于数组和单链表实现的

static class Entry<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
    final K key;
    V value;
    Entry<K,V> next;
    final int hash;

    /**
     * Creates new entry.
     */
    Entry(int h, K k, V v, Entry<K,V> n) {
        value = v;
        next = n;
        key = k;
        hash = h;
    }

    public final K getKey() {
        return key;
    }

    public final V getValue() {
        return value;
    }

    public final V setValue(V newValue) {
        V oldValue = value;
        value = newValue;
        return oldValue;
    }

    public final boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))
            return false;
        Map.Entry e = (Map.Entry)o;
        Object k1 = getKey();
        Object k2 = e.getKey();
        if (k1 == k2 || (k1 != null && k1.equals(k2))) {
            Object v1 = getValue();
            Object v2 = e.getValue();
            if (v1 == v2 || (v1 != null && v1.equals(v2)))
                return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    public final int hashCode() {
        return (key==null   ? 0 : key.hashCode()) ^ (value==null ? 0 : value.hashCode());
    }

    public final String toString() {
        return getKey() + "=" + getValue();
    }

    /**
     * This method is invoked whenever the value in an entry is
     * overwritten by an invocation of put(k,v) for a key k that's already
     * in the HashMap.
     */
    void recordAccess(HashMap<K,V> m) {
    }

    /**
     * This method is invoked whenever the entry is
     * removed from the table.
     */
    void recordRemoval(HashMap<K,V> m) {
    }
}

(1)HashMap的内部存储结构其实是数组和链表的结合。当实例化一个HashMap时,系统会创建一个长度为Capacity的Entry数组,这个长度被称为容量(Capacity),在这个数组中可以存放元素的位置我们称之为“桶”(bucket),每个bucket都有自己的索引,系统可以根据索引快速的查找bucket中的元素。每个bucket中存储一个元素,即一个Entry对象,但每一个Entry对象可以带一个引用变量,用于指向下一个元素,因此,在一个桶中,就有可能生成一个Entry链。 
  (2) 在存储一对值时(Key—->Value对),实际上是存储在一个Entry的对象e中,程序通过key计算出Entry对象的存储位置。换句话说,Key—->Value的对应关系是通过key—-Entry—-value这个过程实现的,所以就有我们表面上知道的key存在哪里,value就存在哪里。

转自:https://www.cnblogs.com/liang1101/p/6398593.html

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zmblog/p/8676921.html