[架构]myeclipse配置SpringMVC 以及简单应用教程

1.Spring的安装

　　方式1：参考网址：https://maven.springframework.org/release/org/springframework/spring/ 下载后手动导入jar包
　　方式2：在myeclipse自动安装，新建一个web项目，右击项目，在弹出的页面中点击如下操作

　　等待安装完成。其中myeclipse会自动导入所需的jar包

2.SpringMVC的配置

　　在WEB-INF目录下创建web.xml文件

　　web.xml内容如下：

 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <web-app version="3.0" 
 3     xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
 4     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
 5     xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
 6     http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd">
 7     <!-- 配置SpringMVC -->
 8     <servlet>
 9         <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
10         <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
11         <init-param>  
12             <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  
13             <param-value>classpath:dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>  
14         </init-param> 
15     </servlet>
16 
17     <servlet-mapping>
18         <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
19         <!-- 监听所有请求 -->
20         <url-pattern>hello</url-pattern>
21     </servlet-mapping>
22 </web-app>

　　注：其中

<servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <!-- 监听所有请求 -->
        <url-pattern>hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

<url-pattern>/</url-pattern> 相当于一个小区的门卫大爷，会拦截所有hello的请求

继而门卫大爷会直接给请求进入的人根据 <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name> 中的dispatcher找 <servlet> 中的 <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>

找到如下部分代码：

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>  
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  
            <param-value>classpath:dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>  
        </init-param> 
    </servlet>

dispatcher中指明 <param-value>classpath:dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value> 所以接下来创建dispatcher-servlet.xml

如下：

内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">  
       <!-- 定义要扫描 controller的包 -->
       <context:component-scan base-package="com.frank.springmvc.controller" />

       <mvc:default-servlet-handler /> 
       <!-- 启动注解驱动 SpringMVC 功能 -->
       <mvc:annotation-driven />

       <!-- 配置视图解析器解析路径 -->
       <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
              <!-- 定义视图存放路径 -->
              <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/" />
              <!-- 定义视图后缀 -->
              <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
       </bean>
</beans>

<context:component-scan base-package="com.frank.springmvc.controller" /> 是你要创建的controller的包名，可自行更改但必须保持一致。

<!-- 配置视图解析器解析路径 -->中的
 <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/" /> 为前缀

 <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> 为后缀

在下面会详细解释

3.SpringMVC的简单应用

接下来创建package

包名如上

 com.frank.springmvc.controller

在该包中创建HellpSpringMVC类代码如下：

 1 package com.frank.springmvc.controller;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
 4 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
 5 
 6 @Controller
 7 public class HellpSpringMVC {
 8 
 9     @RequestMapping("hello")
10     public String hello() {
11         return "hello";
12     }
13 }

@RequestMapping("hello") 这就是请求的hello，

在WEB-INF中创建hello.jsp

代码如下：

 1 <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 2 <%
 3 String path = request.getContextPath();
 4 String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
 5 %>
 6 
 7 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 8 <html>
 9   <head>
10     <base href="<%=basePath%>">
11     
12     <title>My JSP 'hello.jsp' starting page</title>
13     
14     <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
15     <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
16     <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
17     <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
18     <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
19     <!--
20     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
21     -->
22 
23   </head>
24   
25   <body>
26     Spring Hello - Welcome<br>
27   </body>
28 </html>

View Code

更改index.jsp的代码：

 1 <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 2 <%
 3 String path = request.getContextPath();
 4 String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
 5 %>
 6 
 7 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 8 <html>
 9   <head>
10     <base href="<%=basePath%>">
11     
12     <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
13     <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
14     <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
15     <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
16     <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
17     <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
18     <!--
19     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
20     -->
21   </head>
22   
23   <body>
24     <a href="hello">Hello</a>
25   </body>
26 </html>

View Code

其中 <a href="hello">Spring Hello</a> 请求为hello会被web.xml的setvlet-mapping拦截

根据Controller类 HellpSpringMVC 的 @RequestMapping("hello") 执行 public String hello() 返回hello字符串

根据dispatcher-servlet.xml视图解析器（详见：上面的前缀以及后缀）

拼接成 /WEB-INF/ hello .jsp 这就是返回路径

结果如下：

　　点击hello进入