玩转Android Camera开发(二):使用TextureView和SurfaceTexture预览Camera 基础拍照demo

Google自Android4.0出了TextureView，为什么推出呢？就是为了弥补Surfaceview的不足，另外一方面也是为了平衡GlSurfaceView，当然这是本人揣度的。关于TextureView、Surfaceview、SurfaceTexture、GLSurfaceView的关系，待咱家推出GLSurfaceview预览Camera后再专门分析。本文主要介绍使用TextureView预览Camera。

其实关于如何用TextureView预览Camera，官网已经给出了demo，参见这里。另外，链接1 链接2也给出了完整的预览Camera的demo，但都是一堆东西染在一块。本文就利用前文搭建的一个轻量级的Camera框架来快速替换掉Surfaceview。因为用Surfaceview预览的话传一个SurfaceHolder进去，用Textureview预览的话需要传进去一个SurfaceTexture。其他的Camera流程不变。

一、新建CameraTextureView类继承TextureView，并实现TextureView.SurfaceTextureListener接口。实现这个接口就像实现SurfaceHolder.Callback，最主要的目的是在SurfaceTexture准备好后能够知道，也即onSurfaceTextureAvailable这个函数。

CameraTextureView.java

 1 <span style="font-family:Comic Sans MS;font-size:18px;">package org.yanzi.camera.preview;  
 2   
 3 import org.yanzi.camera.CameraInterface;  
 4   
 5 import android.content.Context;  
 6 import android.graphics.PixelFormat;  
 7 import android.graphics.SurfaceTexture;  
 8 import android.util.AttributeSet;  
 9 import android.util.Log;  
10 import android.view.SurfaceHolder;  
11 import android.view.SurfaceView;  
12 import android.view.TextureView;  
13   
14 public class CameraTextureView extends TextureView implements TextureView.SurfaceTextureListener {  
15     private static final String TAG = "yanzi";  
16     Context mContext;  
17     SurfaceTexture mSurface;  
18     public CameraTextureView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {  
19         super(context, attrs);  
20         // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub  
21         mContext = context;  
22         this.setSurfaceTextureListener(this);  
23     }  
24     @Override  
25     public void onSurfaceTextureAvailable(SurfaceTexture surface, int width,  
26             int height) {  
27         // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
28         Log.i(TAG, "onSurfaceTextureAvailable...");  
29         mSurface = surface;  
30 //      CameraInterface.getInstance().doStartPreview(surface, 1.33f);  
31     }  
32     @Override  
33     public boolean onSurfaceTextureDestroyed(SurfaceTexture surface) {  
34         // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
35         Log.i(TAG, "onSurfaceTextureDestroyed...");  
36         CameraInterface.getInstance().doStopCamera();  
37         return true;  
38     }  
39     @Override  
40     public void onSurfaceTextureSizeChanged(SurfaceTexture surface, int width,  
41             int height) {  
42         // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
43         Log.i(TAG, "onSurfaceTextureSizeChanged...");  
44     }  
45     @Override  
46     public void onSurfaceTextureUpdated(SurfaceTexture surface) {  
47         // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
48         Log.i(TAG, "onSurfaceTextureUpdated...");  
49           
50     }  
51       
52     /* 让Activity能得到TextureView的SurfaceTexture 
53      * @see android.view.TextureView#getSurfaceTexture() 
54      */  
55     public SurfaceTexture _getSurfaceTexture(){  
56         return mSurface;  
57     }  
58 }  
59 </span>

二、在布局文件里把它加上就行了，因为他的父类就是View，当成一般的View就行

 1 <span style="font-family:Comic Sans MS;font-size:18px;"><RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
 2     xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"  
 3     android:layout_width="match_parent"  
 4     android:layout_height="match_parent"  
 5     tools:context=".CameraActivity" >  
 6     <FrameLayout  
 7         android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
 8         android:layout_height="wrap_content" >  
 9         <org.yanzi.camera.preview.CameraTextureView  
10             android:id="@+id/camera_textureview"  
11             android:layout_width="0dip"  
12             android:layout_height="0dip" />  
13     </FrameLayout>  
14     <ImageButton  
15         android:id="@+id/btn_shutter"  
16         android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
17         android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
18         android:background="@drawable/btn_shutter_background"  
19         android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"  
20         android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"   
21         android:layout_marginBottom="10dip"/>  
22 </RelativeLayout>  
23 </span>

三、在CameraInterface里，我封装了两个函数:

 1 <span style="font-family:Comic Sans MS;font-size:18px;">/**使用Surfaceview开启预览 
 2      * @param holder 
 3      * @param previewRate 
 4      */  
 5     public void doStartPreview(SurfaceHolder holder, float previewRate){  
 6         Log.i(TAG, "doStartPreview...");  
 7         if(isPreviewing){  
 8             mCamera.stopPreview();  
 9             return;  
10         }  
11         if(mCamera != null){  
12             try {  
13                 mCamera.setPreviewDisplay(holder);  
14             } catch (IOException e) {  
15                 // TODO Auto-generated catch block  
16                 e.printStackTrace();  
17             }  
18             initCamera(previewRate);  
19         }  
20   
21   
22     }  
23     /**使用TextureView预览Camera 
24      * @param surface 
25      * @param previewRate 
26      */  
27     public void doStartPreview(SurfaceTexture surface, float previewRate){  
28         Log.i(TAG, "doStartPreview...");  
29         if(isPreviewing){  
30             mCamera.stopPreview();  
31             return;  
32         }  
33         if(mCamera != null){  
34             try {  
35                 mCamera.setPreviewTexture(surface);  
36             } catch (IOException e) {  
37                 // TODO Auto-generated catch block  
38                 e.printStackTrace();  
39             }  
40             initCamera(previewRate);  
41         }  
42           
43     }</span>

分别对应Surfaceview和TextureView预览。可以看到就是传进来的参数不一样，initCamera()的东西都一样。

 1 <span style="font-family:Comic Sans MS;font-size:18px;">    private void initCamera(float previewRate){  
 2         if(mCamera != null){  
 3   
 4             mParams = mCamera.getParameters();  
 5             mParams.setPictureFormat(PixelFormat.JPEG);//设置拍照后存储的图片格式  
 6 //          CamParaUtil.getInstance().printSupportPictureSize(mParams);  
 7 //          CamParaUtil.getInstance().printSupportPreviewSize(mParams);  
 8             //设置PreviewSize和PictureSize  
 9             Size pictureSize = CamParaUtil.getInstance().getPropPictureSize(  
10                     mParams.getSupportedPictureSizes(),previewRate, 800);  
11             mParams.setPictureSize(pictureSize.width, pictureSize.height);  
12             Size previewSize = CamParaUtil.getInstance().getPropPreviewSize(  
13                     mParams.getSupportedPreviewSizes(), previewRate, 800);  
14             mParams.setPreviewSize(previewSize.width, previewSize.height);  
15   
16             mCamera.setDisplayOrientation(90);  
17   
18 //          CamParaUtil.getInstance().printSupportFocusMode(mParams);  
19             List<String> focusModes = mParams.getSupportedFocusModes();  
20             if(focusModes.contains("continuous-video")){  
21                 mParams.setFocusMode(Camera.Parameters.FOCUS_MODE_CONTINUOUS_VIDEO);  
22             }  
23             mCamera.setParameters(mParams);   
24             mCamera.startPreview();//开启预览  
25   
26   
27   
28             isPreviewing = true;  
29             mPreviwRate = previewRate;  
30   
31             mParams = mCamera.getParameters(); //重新get一次  
32             Log.i(TAG, "最终设置:PreviewSize--With = " + mParams.getPreviewSize().width  
33                     + "Height = " + mParams.getPreviewSize().height);  
34             Log.i(TAG, "最终设置:PictureSize--With = " + mParams.getPictureSize().width  
35                     + "Height = " + mParams.getPictureSize().height);  
36         }  
37     }</span>

四、在Activity里，依旧开一个线程去open Camera:

1 <span style="font-family:Comic Sans MS;font-size:18px;">        Thread openThread = new Thread(){  
2             @Override  
3             public void run() {  
4                 // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
5                 CameraInterface.getInstance().doOpenCamera(CameraActivity.this);  
6             }  
7         };  
8         openThread.start();</span>

在Camera Open完的回调里开预览:

1 <span style="font-family:Comic Sans MS;font-size:18px;">    @Override  
2     public void cameraHasOpened() {  
3         // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
4         SurfaceTexture surface = textureView._getSurfaceTexture();  
5         CameraInterface.getInstance().doStartPreview(surface, previewRate);  
6     }</span>

之后就能正常运行了，可以看到与前文Surfaceview预览Camera 改动非常之小。

几个注意事项:

1、TextureView是Android 4.0之后加入的，低版本么这个类。TextureView必须工作在开启硬件加速的环境中，也即配置文件里Activity的设置项里：android:hardwareAccelerated="true" 默认的这个属性就是true，因此不用再写了。但如果写成false，可以看到onSurfaceTextureAvailable()这个回调就进不来了，TextureView没有了SurfaceTexture还玩个屁啊。

2、本文demo打开camera并预览的正常log是:

 1 <span style="font-family:Comic Sans MS;font-size:18px;">    Line 417: 06-22 12:37:43.682 I/yanzi   ( 4917): Camera open....  
 2     Line 489: 06-22 12:37:43.758 I/yanzi   ( 4917): onSurfaceTextureAvailable...  
 3     Line 533: 06-22 12:37:43.819 I/yanzi   ( 4917): Camera open over....  
 4     Line 535: 06-22 12:37:43.819 I/yanzi   ( 4917): doStartPreview...  
 5     Line 537: 06-22 12:37:43.825 I/yanzi   ( 4917): PictureSize : w = 1280h = 720  
 6     Line 539: 06-22 12:37:43.825 I/yanzi   ( 4917): PreviewSize:w = 800h = 448  
 7     Line 555: 06-22 12:37:43.874 I/yanzi   ( 4917): 最终设置:PreviewSize--With = 800Height = 448  
 8     Line 557: 06-22 12:37:43.874 I/yanzi   ( 4917): 最终设置:PictureSize--With = 1280Height = 720  
 9     Line 577: 06-22 12:37:44.106 I/yanzi   ( 4917): onSurfaceTextureUpdated...  
10     Line 579: 06-22 12:37:44.138 I/yanzi   ( 4917): onSurfaceTextureUpdated...  
11     Line 583: 06-22 12:37:44.169 I/yanzi   ( 4917): onSurfaceTextureUpdated...  
12     Line 585: 06-22 12:37:44.220 I/yanzi   ( 4917): onSurfaceTextureUpdated...  
13     Line 587: 06-22 12:37:44.253 I/yanzi   ( 4917): onSurfaceTextureUpdated...</span>

测试手机为中兴Geek，这个手机Camera还是很牛逼的，比手里的华为G700强，就是偶尔会连不上Camera Service，汗。从log可以看到，onSurfaceTextureAvailable这个回调需要一定时间。Camera.open()这句话用了130多ms。但有两点跟Surfaceview不同。第一，TextureView创建过程中没有进到onSurfaceTextureSizeChanged()这个函数里。而SurfaceView在创建过程中，从无到有的时候会进到大小发生变化回调里。第二，onSurfaceTextureUpdated()这个函数每上来一帧数据，这块就进来一次。这是跟Surfaceview相比，最伟大的一个地方。通过这个接口，可以将上来的SurfaceTexture送给OpenGL再去处理。这个回调是实时的，而非用Camera的PreviewCallback这种2次回调的方式。从时间看，基本上每32ms左右上来一帧数据，即每秒30帧，跟本手机的Camera的性能吻合。

3、Camera再执行startPreview时必须保证TextureView的SurfaceTexture上来了，如果因为一些性能原因onSurfaceTextureAvailable()这个回调上不来就开预览，就开不了的。如果发生这种情况，就在onSurfaceTextureAvailable()回调里执行open和startPreview操作，保证万无一失。

4、TextureView本身就有getSurfaceTexture()这个函数，我又封装了个:

1 <span style="font-family:Comic Sans MS;font-size:18px;">    /* 让Activity能得到TextureView的SurfaceTexture 
2      * @see android.view.TextureView#getSurfaceTexture() 
3      */  
4     public SurfaceTexture _getSurfaceTexture(){  
5         return mSurface;  
6     }</span>

这里的mSurface就是onSurfaceTextureAvailable()回调里传上来的SurfaceTexture。测试证明，开预览时直接调

textureView.getSurfaceTexture(),把它传给Camera： mCamera.setPreviewTexture(surface);也是能正常预览的。但是推荐使用前者，原因见官方上的这段话:

A TextureView's SurfaceTexture can be obtained either by invoking getSurfaceTexture() or by using a TextureView.SurfaceTextureListener. It is important to know that a SurfaceTexture is available only after the TextureView is attached to a window (and onAttachedToWindow() has been invoked.) It is therefore highly recommended you use a listener to be notified when the SurfaceTexture becomes available.

两种方式获得SurfaceTexture，推荐使用监听。因为只有在TextureView执行完onAttachedToWindow时，它的tSurfaceTexture才上来。

5、SurfaceTexture和TextureView的关系:

Using a TextureView is simple: all you need to do is get its SurfaceTexture. The SurfaceTexture can then be used to render content

如果说TextureView是一幅画的话，那SurfaceTexture就是画布，真正渲染的载体是SurfaceTexture。

6、TextureView可以像一般View执行各种变化，其中有个textureView.setAlpha(1.0f);默认不写这句话，它的alpha也是1.0f,即不透明。如果设成透明0.0f，可以看到啥都看不到了，这一点跟Surfaceview刚好相反。Surfaceview的SurfaceHolder一般要设一下Transparent即透明。但TextureView因为是个view，任何一个png的照片透明度设成0肯定啥都看不到。

7、如果认为预览个Camera这就是TextureView和SurfaceTexture的使命的话，就大错特错了，真正用意是和OpenGL无缝连接。

--------------------本文系原创，转载请注明作者yanzi1225627

版本号:PlayCamera_V2.0.0[2014-6-22].zip

CSDN下载链接:http://download.csdn.net/detail/yanzi1225627/7540903

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